A computational framework for attention during urgent choices

紧急选择期间注意力的计算框架

• 批准号: 9983193
• 负责人: Emilio Salinas
• 金额: $ 19.38万
• 依托单位: WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-07-24 至 2022-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9983193
• 关键词: Area; Astronomy; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Model; Biological Models; Brain; Cerebral cortex; Choice Behavior; Clinical; Cognitive; Color; Complex; Computer Models; Computers; Cues; Data; Data Collection; Development; Discrimination; Dissociation; Environment; Evaluation; Evolution; Eye; Eye Movements; Family; Feedback; Future; Goals; Hybrids; Individual; Individual Differences; Judgment; Laboratories; Laboratory Study; Measurement; Measures; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Modeling; Motion; Motivation; Motor; Participant; Perception; Performance; Physics; Population; Process; Property; Psychometrics; Psychophysics; Reaction Time; Recording of previous events; Reflex action; Reporting; Saccades; Scheme; Sensory; Speed; Structure; Task Performances; Techniques; Testing; Time; Translations; Tweens; Video Games; Visual; Visuospatial; Work; base; cognitive function; computer framework; design; experience; experimental study; flexibility; frontal eye fields; gaze; human subject; innovation; instrument; neurobiological mechanism; neurophysiology; novel; oculomotor; oculomotor behavior; relating to nervous system; response; sample fixation; sensory stimulus; temporal measurement; visual information; visual motor

Project Summary/Abstract The choice of where to look next entails selecting one particular motor action from a repertoire of available options, with the selection process being guided primarily by current perceptual information and, more indi- rectly, by internal factors such as motivation, current goals, previous experience, etc. The goal of this project is to develop and test a mechanistic framework for describing how perceptual and motor-planning processes dynamically interact and give rise to saccadic choices. What is partiuclarly ambitious about this project is that it aims to provide a parametrically detailed framework that is applicable to a large family of tasks while being tightly constrained by neurophysiology. In traditional studies of choice behavior, a decision based on a sen- sory stimulus is made first and is then followed by a motor report. Under such conditions, a choice is often conceived as a serial process of perceptual evaluation followed by action selection, where the perceptual judg- ment (e.g., a color or motion discrimination) is relatively slow (∼hundreds of ms). However, in the case of saccadic choices this scheme is rather misleading, because under natural viewing conditions the median time between gaze fixations is rather short (200–250 ms), and the next saccade is always being planned. Based on urgency manipulations, recent work from our laboratory has uncovered many details about how perception and attention guide the choice process under more temporally realistic conditions, i.e., when the perceptual evaluation occurs rapidly (< 50 ms) and informs oculomotor plans that are already ongoing. By combining our urgent-choice paradigms with neurophysiological and theoretical results, we have developed a modeling framework that (1) is applicable to a wide range of saccadic choice tasks, (2) replicates rich psychophysical data with exquisite detail, and (3) is firmly consistent with the oculomotor activity observed in the frontal eye field (FEF). Here we propose to develop and test this framework and its predictions with a variety of saccadic choice tasks to be performed by human subjects. These tasks give rise to psychometric measurements that are unique in their temporal resolution, and based on such measurements, we will investigate how exogenous (saliency- driven) and endogenous (rule-driven) spatial attention relate to oculomotor activity, how they interact with and differ from each other, and how their dynamics relate to individual differences in task performance be- tween participants. Using the computational model to fit the data, we will test specific mechanistic hypotheses about visuomotor interactions. The key innovations of this project are, first, that it investigates eye movements in the rapid timescale that is relevant for naturally occurring visuomotor behaviors; second, that it is integra- tive, i.e., it aims to synthesize numerous neurophysiological and psychophysical results into a small number of principles whereby perceptuo-motor interactions give rise to saccadic choices; and third, that it identifies robust psychometric properties that can serve to characterize fundamental cognitive functions in both healthy and clinical populations.

项目摘要/摘要 选择下一个实体从可用的曲目中选择一个特定的电动机动作的选择 选项，选择过程主要由当前的感知信息引导，并且更多地指导 直接通过内部因素，例如动机，目前的目标，以前的经验等。该项目的目标 是开发和测试一个机械框架，用于描述感知和运动规划过程 动态相互作用并引起果酱选择。对这个项目的野心勃勃的是什么 它旨在提供一个参数详细的框架，该框架适用于大型任务，同时 受神经生理学的严格约束。在选择行为的传统研究中，基于sen的决定 首先做出刺激性刺激，然后进行运动报告。在这样的条件下，选择通常是 被认为是感知评估的串行过程，然后是行动选择，在此，感知法官 - MENT（例如，颜色或运动歧视）相对较慢（MS的数百个）。但是，在 阳性选择该方案具有误导性，因为在自然观看条件下中位时间 在凝视固定之间相当短（200-250毫秒），并且总是计划下一个扫视。基于 紧迫性操纵，我们实验室的最新工作发现了许多有关如何看法的细节 注意指导选择过程在更暂时的现实条件下，即当感知时 评估迅速发生（<50 ms），并告知已经正在进行的眼动计划。通过组合 我们具有神经生理学和理论结果的紧急选择范式，我们开发了一种建模 （1）适用于多种萨卡德选择任务的框架，（2）复制丰富的心理物理数据 具有独家的细节，（3）与额眼场中观察到的动眼活动一致 （FEF）。在这里，我们建议使用各种囊泡选择来开发和测试该框架及其预测 人类受试者要执行的任务。这些任务产生了独特的心理测量值 在它们的临时分辨率和基于此类测量的基础上，我们将研究外源性（显着性） 驱动器）和内源性（规则驱动）的空间注意力与眼动活动有关，它们如何与 彼此不同，以及他们的动态与任务绩效的个体差异有关 推文参与者。使用计算模型拟合数据，我们将测试特定的机械假设 关于视觉运动的相互作用。该项目的关键创新是，它首先是研究眼动动作 在与自然发生的视觉运动行为相关的快速时间范围内；其次，它是整合 Tive，即，它旨在将众多神经生理和心理物理结果综合成少量 感知运动相互作用引起态度选择的原则；第三，它确定了 强大的心理测量特性可以表征健康的基本认知功能 和临床人群。