Neurobiological Substrates of Visual-Somatosensory Integration in Aging

衰老过程中视觉体感整合的神经生物学基础

• 批准号: 9918223
• 负责人: Jeannette R. Mahoney
• 金额: $ 13.05万
• 依托单位: ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-01 至 2022-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9918223
• 关键词: Activities of Daily Living; Age; Aging; Anisotropy; Architecture; Area; Auditory; Biological; Clinical; Cognitive; Data; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Elderly; Equilibrium; Exhibits; Follow-Up Studies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Gait; Goals; Growth; Health; Impairment; Individual; Intervention; Investigation; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lead; Link; Literature; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Mediating; Methods; Modality; Motor; Neurobiology; Neurons; Outcome; Pathway Analysis; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Physical activity; Physiological; Play; Procedures; Process; Psychophysics; Public Health; Publishing; Quality of life; Reaction Time; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Rest; Risk; Role; Sensory; Structure; Structure of superior temporal sulcus; System; Techniques; Testing; Thalamic structure; Time; Visual; Work; age related; base; behavior measurement; brain volume; career; clinically relevant; cognitive neuroscience; disability; fall risk; falls; functional decline; functional independence; information processing; insight; millisecond; multimodality; multisensory; neural correlate; neural network; neuroimaging; older patient; programs; public health relevance; recruit; relating to nervous system; remediation; somatosensory; white matter; young adult

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A rapidly growing field of cognitive neuroscience referred to as multisensory integration (MSI) investigates the complexities of processing simultaneous sensory information. Primarily, MSI has been investigated in pairings of the three "major" senses (i.e., visual, auditory, and somatosensory systems), which are typically referred to as: auditory-somatosensory (AS), auditory-visual (AV), and visual-somatosensory (VS) combinations. Successful integration of concurrent information across multiple sensory modalities is crucial for functioning in the real world, completion of activities of daily living, nd mobility. To date, only few studies have investigated multisensory processing in older adults and have predominately focused on AV interactions. Fewer still have related MSI to real world activities. Results from a study conducted in our laboratory revealed that compared to younger adults, older adults demonstrated a significantly larger reaction time benefit when processing concurrent VS information; two sensory modalities that clearly play an important role in everyday gait and balance. Further, our most recent work indicates differential patterns of multisensory processing in aging where individuals with larger (i.e., worse) VS multisensory effects manifested worse static balance, reported more falls, and endorsed less engagement in physical activities compared to elders with smaller MSI effects. These results provide support for the notion that VS integration measured behaviorally might reflect age-related physiological declines in unisensory processing. The facilitative benefit of VS information processing in older adults has major public health implications since unisensory visual and somatosensory impairments have been linked to functional decline, increased risks of falls, slower gait velocity, and poorer quality of life. Additionally, the effect of MSI has been attributed to basic degenerative changes in neuronal architecture during the aging process; however, this speculative interpretation has yet to be empirically tested. Furthermore, the functional and structural neural correlates of VS integration in aging have not been established - determining the neurobiological substrates of VS integration in aging and the association of such enhancement with various motor outcomes in older adults would be paramount to one day help identify opportunities to introduce cognitive and physical remediation programs that incorporate VS enhancement strategies in an effort to maintain functional independence.

 描述（由适用提供）：称为多感觉整合（MSI）的认知神经科学的快速增长领域研究了处理同时处理的感官信息的复杂性。首先，已经在三种“主要”感觉（即视觉，听觉和体感系统）的配对中研究了MSI，这些感觉通常称为：听觉 - 体感（AS），听觉 - 视觉（AV）和视觉体积（VS）组合。成功整合跨多种感觉方式的并发信息对于在现实世界中运作，完成日常生活活动，ND流动性的工作至关重要。迄今为止，只有很少的研究研究了老年人的多感官处理，并且主要集中在AV相互作用上。与现实世界活动相关的MSI仍然很少。在我们实验室中进行的一项研究的结果表明，与年轻人相比，老年人在处理并发信息与信息时显示出明显更大的反应时间益处。两种感官方式在每天的敏捷性和平衡中显然起着重要作用。此外，我们最近的工作表明，在衰老中，多感官处理的差异模式在衰老中，患有较大的人（即更糟糕）与多感官效应表现出较差的静态平衡，报告更多的跌倒，并且与具有较小MSI效应的长者相比，在体育活动中的参与度较低。这些结果提供了以下观点，即在行为上衡量的VS集成可能反映了与年龄相关的物理下降。 VS信息处理对老年人的促进益处具有重大的公共卫生影响，因为普遍的视觉和体感障碍与功能下降，跌倒风险增加有关，AIT速度较慢，AIT速度较慢， 和生活质量差。此外，MSI的效果归因于衰老过程中神经元结构的基本退化性变化。但是，这种投机性解释尚未经验测试。 Furthermore, the functional and structural neuronal correlates of VS integration in aging have not been established - determining the neurobiological substrates of VS integration in aging and the association of such enhancement with various motor outcomes in older adults would be paramount to one day help identify opportunities to introduce cognitive and physical remediation programs that incorporate VS enhancement strategies in an effort to maintain functional independence.