Neurobiological Substrates of Visual-Somatosensory Integration in Aging

衰老过程中视觉体感整合的神经生物学基础

• 批准号: 9918223
• 负责人: Jeannette R. Mahoney
• 金额: $ 13.05万
• 依托单位: ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-01 至 2022-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9918223
• 关键词: Activities of Daily Living; Age; Aging; Anisotropy; Architecture; Area; Auditory; Biological; Clinical; Cognitive; Data; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Elderly; Equilibrium; Exhibits; Follow-Up Studies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Gait; Goals; Growth; Health; Impairment; Individual; Intervention; Investigation; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lead; Link; Literature; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Mediating; Methods; Modality; Motor; Neurobiology; Neurons; Outcome; Pathway Analysis; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Physical activity; Physiological; Play; Procedures; Process; Psychophysics; Public Health; Publishing; Quality of life; Reaction Time; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Rest; Risk; Role; Sensory; Structure; Structure of superior temporal sulcus; System; Techniques; Testing; Thalamic structure; Time; Visual; Work; age related; base; behavior measurement; brain volume; career; clinically relevant; cognitive neuroscience; disability; fall risk; falls; functional decline; functional independence; information processing; insight; millisecond; multimodality; multisensory; neural correlate; neural network; neuroimaging; older patient; programs; public health relevance; recruit; relating to nervous system; remediation; somatosensory; white matter; young adult

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A rapidly growing field of cognitive neuroscience referred to as multisensory integration (MSI) investigates the complexities of processing simultaneous sensory information. Primarily, MSI has been investigated in pairings of the three "major" senses (i.e., visual, auditory, and somatosensory systems), which are typically referred to as: auditory-somatosensory (AS), auditory-visual (AV), and visual-somatosensory (VS) combinations. Successful integration of concurrent information across multiple sensory modalities is crucial for functioning in the real world, completion of activities of daily living, nd mobility. To date, only few studies have investigated multisensory processing in older adults and have predominately focused on AV interactions. Fewer still have related MSI to real world activities. Results from a study conducted in our laboratory revealed that compared to younger adults, older adults demonstrated a significantly larger reaction time benefit when processing concurrent VS information; two sensory modalities that clearly play an important role in everyday gait and balance. Further, our most recent work indicates differential patterns of multisensory processing in aging where individuals with larger (i.e., worse) VS multisensory effects manifested worse static balance, reported more falls, and endorsed less engagement in physical activities compared to elders with smaller MSI effects. These results provide support for the notion that VS integration measured behaviorally might reflect age-related physiological declines in unisensory processing. The facilitative benefit of VS information processing in older adults has major public health implications since unisensory visual and somatosensory impairments have been linked to functional decline, increased risks of falls, slower gait velocity, and poorer quality of life. Additionally, the effect of MSI has been attributed to basic degenerative changes in neuronal architecture during the aging process; however, this speculative interpretation has yet to be empirically tested. Furthermore, the functional and structural neural correlates of VS integration in aging have not been established - determining the neurobiological substrates of VS integration in aging and the association of such enhancement with various motor outcomes in older adults would be paramount to one day help identify opportunities to introduce cognitive and physical remediation programs that incorporate VS enhancement strategies in an effort to maintain functional independence.

 描述（由申请人提供）：被称为多感觉整合（MSI）的快速发展的认知神经科学领域主要研究处理同时感觉信息的复杂性，MSI 已在三种“主要”感觉（即视觉）的配对中进行了研究。 、听觉和体感系统），通常称为：听觉体感（AS）、听觉视觉（AV）和视觉-体感（VS）组合。跨多种感觉模式的并发信息的成功整合对于现实世界中的功能、完成日常生活活动和行动能力至关重要。迄今为止，只有少数研究调查了老年人和老年人的多感觉处理。我们实验室进行的一项研究结果显示，与年轻人相比，老年人在处理同时的 VS 信息时表现出明显更大的反应时间优势；此外，我们最近的工作表明了衰老过程中多感觉处理的不同模式，其中具有更大（即更差）VS多感觉效应的个体表现出更差的静态平衡，报告更多跌倒，并得到认可。与 MSI 效应较小的老年人相比，参与体力活动较少。这些结果支持了以下观点：行为测量上的 VS 整合可能反映了与年龄相关的单感觉处理的生理衰退。老年人的视觉信息处理具有重大的公共卫生影响，因为单感觉视觉和体感障碍与功能衰退、跌倒风险增加、步态速度减慢、 此外，MSI 的影响归因于衰老过程中神经结构的基本退行性变化；然而，这种推测性解释尚未得到实证检验。此外，VS 整合的功能和结构神经相关性。衰老中的 VS 整合尚未确定 - 确定衰老中 VS 整合的神经生物学基础以及这种增强与老年人各种运动结果的关联将至关重要，有朝一日有助于确定引入包含 VS 增强策略的认知和物理治疗计划的机会在努力保持职能独立性。