CRCNS: Data Sharing: Pyrfume: A library for mammalian olfactory psychophysics

CRCNS：数据共享：Pyrfume：哺乳动物嗅觉心理物理学库

基本信息

批准号：
9918023
负责人：
Richard C Gerkin
金额：
$ 14.64万
依托单位：
ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY-TEMPE CAMPUS
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-08-01 至 2022-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9918023
关键词：
Academia Address Animal Model Animals Anosmia Audiology Auditory Psychophysics Behavior Clinical Color Visions Computer Simulation Data Data Set Databases Disease Emotional Experimental Designs Food Future Health Human Industrialization Industry Infrastructure Instruction Internet Knowledge Libraries Literature Maps Measurement Measures Medical Memory Mental Depression Modeling Nervous system structure Neurodegenerative Disorders Olfactory Pathways Optometry Performance Principal Investigator Process Psychophysics Pythons Records Research Research Methodology Research Personnel Resources Smell Perception Social Behavior Social Interaction Source Stimulus Structure System Test Result Testing Theoretical model Validation Vision Visual Psychophysics Work animal data behavior test behavioral response biomarker development data sharing design experimental study food avoidance human subject improved neuromechanism olfactory disorder relating to nervous system relational database theories tool web interface web site

项目摘要

Psychophysics refers to a class of research methods and measurements used to study a perceptual system. In olfaction research, experimental psychophysics consists of behavioral tests that illuminate the relationship between odorants and the percepts they evoke. Theoretical olfactory psychophysics attempts to makes sense of these test results by constructing models that can predict or explain them. These models then constrain broader theories of olfaction (including neural mechanisms) and inform the design of experiments that probe those mechanisms. However, many potentially illuminating datasets from academia and industry that could inform or test theoretical efforts remain difficult to locate, access, and use. Models driven by previously available data have thus been only sparsely tested and are only weakly generalizable. Pyrfume is an effort to extensively curate data related to olfactory psychophysics, to transparently and automatically determine how well models make sense of this data, and to inform experimental design for olfactory research at large. It will consist of a central , research-focused database of human psychophysics research data extracted from literature, other disparate databases, and industrial sources. It will also contain complementary research data from animal models that directly address the same kinds of questions about specific stimuli, but at a neural level inaccessible to most human experiments. All of these data will be accessible via a common framework and be immediately usable for data-driven tests of competing models of olfaction in health and disease. RELEVANCE (See instructions): Smell is essential for social behavior, food enjoyment, and danger avoidance; anosmia is associated with depression, and olfactory decline is an early warning sign for neurodegenerative diseases. This project organizes understanding of human olfaction, facilitating quantification of olfactory health, disease biomarker development, and cures for olfactory disorders. Optometry and audiology are refined clinical tools that map perceptual deficits onto medical targets; this work can help advance olfactometry to the same level.

心理物理学是指用于研究感知的一类研究方法和测量系统。在嗅觉研究中，实验心理物理学由阐明的行为测试组成气味与他们唤起的感知之间的关系。理论嗅觉心理物理学尝试通过构建可以预测或解释它们的模型来理解这些测试结果。这些然后，模型限制了更广泛的嗅觉理论（包括神经机制），并告知设计探测这些机制的实验。但是，许多可能从学术界启发的数据集可以告知或测试理论工作的行业仍然很难找到，访问和使用。型号因此，由先前可用的数据驱动仅经过稀疏测试，并且仅是弱概括的。金字是一种努力，以广泛的策划与嗅觉心理物理学有关，透明和自动确定模型如何理解这些数据，并为实验设计提供信息整个嗅觉研究。它将由一个以研究为中心的人类心理物理学数据库组成从文献，其他不同数据库和工业来源中提取的研究数据。它也会包含来自动物模型的互补研究数据，这些数据直接解决了相同类型的关于特定刺激的问题，但在大多数人类实验中无法访问的神经水平上。所有这些数据将通过共同框架访问，并立即用于数据驱动的测试健康和疾病中嗅觉的竞争模型。相关性（请参阅说明）：气味对于社交行为，食物享受和避免危险至关重要。厌食与抑郁症和嗅觉下降是神经退行性疾病的预警信号。这个项目组织对人类嗅觉的理解，促进嗅觉健康的量化，疾病生物标志物开发和治愈嗅觉疾病。验光和听力学是绘制的精制临床工具对医疗目标的知觉缺陷；这项工作可以有助于将嗅觉测定法提高到同一水平。