Why Does Heart Rate Variability Matter for Emotion Regulation

为什么心率变异对情绪调节很重要

• 批准号: 9905327
• 负责人: MARA MATHER
• 金额: $ 42.51万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-04-15 至 2022-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9905327
• 关键词: Affect; Aging; Alleles; Alzheimer' s Disease; Alzheimer' s disease risk; Amygdaloid structure; Blood Pressure; Blood flow; Brain; Brain region; Breathing; Cardiovascular system; Characteristics; Depressed mood; Down-Regulation; Elderly; Emotional; Emotions; Feedback; Frequencies; Functional disorder; Genetic; Head; Health; Heart; Heart Rate; Homeostasis; Individual Differences; Lateral; Lead; Measures; Medial; Mediating; Meditation; Monitor; Operating System; Outcome; Outcome Measure; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Personal Satisfaction; Physiological; Physiology; Prefrontal Cortex; Pressoreceptors; Process; Protocols documentation; Relaxation; Rest; Risk; Role; Signal Transduction; Speed; Structure; System; Testing; Up-Regulation; Well in self; age difference; anxious; apolipoprotein E-4; emotion regulation; emotional experience; experience; flexibility; genetic risk factor; heart rate variability; improved; indexing; neurovascular; oscillatory blood flow; pre-clinical; response; young adult

ABSTRACT Having a heart with a steady beat is not optimal. The brain sends signals about various body states including blood pressure and breathing that contribute oscillatory rhythms to the speed of heartbeats and increase heart rate variability (HRV). For reasons that are not yet clear, having greater HRV at rest is associated with better emotion regulation and well-being. People with higher HRV tend to be less anxious, less depressed, less hostile and produce more context-appropriate emotional responses. One potential explanation for the relationship between HRV and emotion regulation is that the same set of brain regions regulates autonomic states and emotions, and so both HRV and emotion regulation reflect the general health and efficacy of this central autonomic network in the brain. However, it appears that the influences do not just flow from the brain to the heart. Paced breathing at the resonance frequency of the heart rate-baroreceptor feedback loop (around 6 breaths/min, a pace often attained during meditative practice) stimulates resonance characteristics of the cardiovascular system and so increases total HRV amplitude dramatically. Recent studies using this approach have shown that increasing HRV during short daily sessions can improve longer-term emotional outcomes. But it is unclear why episodes of high HRV have a positive impact. This project would be the first to examine the brain mechanisms of these effects, testing the hypothesis that episodes of high HRV induced by resonance frequency breathing lead to positive outcomes because they induce dynamic blood flow oscillations in brain regions that monitor and regulate physiological body states. Our experimental manipulation will be a 5-week protocol with random assignment to either a daily session with paced breathing at resonance frequency or one of two control conditions. We test the hypothesis that resonance frequency breathing will enhance measures of emotional well-being, resting state functional connectivity among brain regions involved in emotion regulation, and flexible up- and down-regulation of the amygdala during emotional experience. Furthermore, we test the hypothesis that these outcomes will be mediated by blood flow variability during paced breathing rather than by alternative mechanisms. The expected findings would indicate that HRV is more than just an indicator of health, with an active role in stimulating brain regions in the central autonomic network to improve their coordination and function.

抽象的 拥有稳定节奏的心脏并不是最佳的。大脑发送有关各种身体状态的信号 血压和呼吸为心跳速度促进振荡节奏并增加心脏 费率变异性（HRV）。由于尚不清楚的原因，静止的HRV更大与更好 情绪调节和福祉。 HRV较高的人往往不那么焦虑，沮丧，较少 敌对并产生更多适合上下文的情感反应。一个潜在的解释 人力资源管理与情绪调节之间的关系是相同的大脑区域调节自主神经 国家和情感，因此HRV和情绪调节都反映了这一点的总体健康和功效 大脑中的中央自主网络。但是，似乎影响不仅仅是从大脑流动 心脏。在心率 - 风球受体反馈循环的共振频率处呼吸（周围 6呼吸/分钟，在冥想练习期间经常达到的速度）刺激了共振特征 心血管系统，因此大大增加了HRV的总振幅。最近使用这种方法的研究 已经表明，在短期每日课程中增加HRV可以改善长期的情感结果。但 目前尚不清楚为什么高HRV发作会产生积极影响。这个项目将是第一个检查 这些作用的脑机制，检验了以下假设：共振引起的高HRV发作 呼吸频率会导致积极结果，因为它们会诱导大脑的动态血流振荡 监测和调节生理身体状态的区域。我们的实验操作将为5周 协议随机分配到每日会话，并在共振频率下进行节奏呼吸或一个 两个控制条件。我们测试了一个假设，即共振频率呼吸将增强措施 情绪健康，静止的状态功能连通性在涉及情绪调节的大脑区域之间， 在情感体验中，杏仁核的上和下调灵活。此外，我们测试了 假设这些结果将由节奏呼吸时的血流变异性介导，而不是由 替代机制。预期的发现将表明HRV不仅仅是 健康，在刺激中央自主网络中的大脑区域中发挥着积极作用，以改善其 协调和功能。