The effects of stress on neural processing of reward and risk

压力对奖励和风险的神经处理的影响

• 批准号: 8485489
• 负责人: MARA MATHER
• 金额: $ 30.17万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-01 至 2015-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8485489
• 关键词: Acute; Affect; Age; Brain; Brain region; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Chemosensitization; Complex; Corpus striatum structure; Decision Making; Elderly; Elements; Female; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Gambling; Health; Healthcare; Insula of Reil; Lead; Learning; Life; Mediating; Memory; Motivation; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Perfusion; Personal Financing; Personal Satisfaction; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Reporting; Respondent; Rewards; Risk; Sex Characteristics; Signal Transduction; Spin Labels; Stimulus; Stress; System; Testing; Uncertainty; Ventral Striatum; acute stress; addiction; age difference; base; experience; flexibility; improved; male; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; reward processing; sex; social; stressor; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Stress is part of daily life; in a national study 40% of respondents reported experiencing stress that day. We know from many studies that stress can affect health, memory, and well-being. But does it affect how we make decisions? And if so, what are the implications-do we become more or less risk averse? Are we more influenced by the potential downsides and less by potential upsides to an option than we would be otherwise? Making decisions involves a complex yet flexible set of brain mechanisms that compute the potential value of options and adjust that value based on the level of uncertainty about the outcome. In this proposal, we examine the effects of acute stress on the basic elements of decision making: the neural signals that predict and represent value, integrate the positive and negative aspects of options, and assess risk based on predicted volatility and uncertainty of options. We test two main hypotheses. The first is that stress makes rewarding stimuli even more attractive and salient, via dopaminergic effects in the ventral striatum. The second is that stress affects risk processing via the insula, but that it has different effects depending on one's sex and age. Some of our most important decisions must be made under stressful circumstances; thus it is paramount that we understand the basic mechanisms of how stress changes the way we evaluate decision options.

描述（由申请人提供）：压力是日常生活的一部分；在一项全国研究中，有40％的受访者报告了当天的压力。我们从许多研究中知道，压力会影响健康，记忆和福祉。但是它会影响我们的决定吗？如果是这样，我们或多或少会避开风险的影响是什么？我们是否受到潜在缺陷的影响，而不是通过潜在的潜在局势比其他方面的影响更少？做出决策涉及一组复杂而灵活的大脑机制，这些机制计算了期权的潜在价值，并根据结果的不确定性水平来调整该值。在此提案中，我们研究了急性压力对决策基本要素的影响：预测和表示价值，整合期权的正面和负面方面的神经信号，并根据预测的波动性和期权的不确定性评估风险。我们检验两个主要假设。首先是，通过腹侧纹状体的多巴胺能作用，压力使奖励刺激更具吸引力和显着性。第二个是压力会影响通过岛屿的风险处理，但根据性别和年龄的不同，其影响不同。我们最重要的决定必须在压力很大的情况下做出；因此，我们最重要的是，我们了解压力如何改变我们评估决策选择的方式的基本机制。