Associations of smoke from wildfires and prescribed burns with cardiorespiratory health outcomes in Reno, NV

内华达州里诺市野火和规定烧伤产生的烟雾与心肺健康结果的关联

• 批准号: 9896826
• 负责人: MATTHEW J. STRICKLAND
• 金额: $ 56.6万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA RENO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-04-01 至 2024-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9896826
• 关键词: Acute; Adult; Aerosols; Age; Aging; Air; Air Pollutants; Airway Disease; American; Asthma; Biomass; Blood Pressure; Bronchitis; Burn injury; California; Carbon; Carbon Black; Cardiovascular Diseases; Categories; Child; Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease; Cities; Communities; Complex; Computerized Medical Record; Congestive Heart Failure; Data Set; Databases; Development; Ecosystem; Event; Exposure to; Fire - disasters; Future; Gases; Goals; Grasslands; Health; Health Personnel; Health Status; Health Transition; Heterogeneity; Ischemic Stroke; Laboratories; Measurement; Measures; Modeling; Myocardial Infarction; Natural Resources; Nevada; Outcome; Patients; Phase; Pneumonia; Population; Public Health; Public Health Applications Research; Public Policy; Research Institute; Resources; Risk; Smoke; Source; System; Visit; Wildfire; aged; base; biomass fuel; cardiorespiratory fitness; epidemiological model; epidemiology study; evidence base; experimental study; forest; improved; innovation; interest; land use; oxidation; particle; pollutant; population health

ABSTRACT Similar to other Western U.S. cities, air quality in Reno, NV is routinely impacted by smoke from wildland fires. Smoke plumes contain complex air pollutant mixtures, and their aerosol composition is governed by several factors. These factors include aging, in which secondary organic aerosols are formed when biomass burning emissions undergo atmospheric oxidation, and fuel type (i.e., the type of vegetation burned). Residents throughout the West are also exposed to smoke from prescribed burns, which are used by land managers to mitigate wildfire risks. Due to their lower intensity, prescribed burns are more likely to smolder, and emissions from smoldering fires differ from those of flaming fires. To model the aerosol composition of smoke plume mixtures in the West requires detailed emissions information from regionally relevant fuels, accurate characterization of aerosol aging, and consideration of differences between low intensity prescribed burns and flaming wildfires. In 2006, the major health care provider in Reno (Renown Health) transitioned to electronic medical records (EMRs). At present, this database contains information on over 1.4 million patient visits. This resource, combined with Reno’s frequent exposure to smoke from fires that originate from ecosystems impacting many major Western U.S. cities, make Reno an opportune setting to investigate associations between smoke plume mixtures and population health. Our proposed study has two overarching goals. 1) We will improve smoke exposure modeling in the West for use in public health applications. We will create a new, innovative air quality model that will be the first to use tailored emissions information from regional biomass fuels to model smoke plume mixtures, which will vary according to the ecosystem of origin, atmospheric aging, and fire intensity (low intensity prescribed burns vs. flaming wildfires). 2) We will advance understanding of the acute population-level health effects of smoke exposures. We will perform an epidemiologic investigation using the Renown EMRs, considering overall associations and potential heterogeneity by smoke plume mixtures. We will estimate associations of smoke exposures with four broad categories of health outcomes (acute upper airway disease, acute lower airway disease, acute cardiovascular disease, and maternal blood pressure) and with specific acute conditions of a priori interest within these categories (i.e., asthma, bronchitis, COPD exacerbation, pneumonia, congestive heart failure exacerbation, ischemic stroke, and myocardial infarction). Anticipated outcomes include improving our ability to model smoke plume mixtures for biomass burning events that impact millions of Americans annually and are projected to increase in the future. We will provide the first health association estimates for prescribed burns, which will be of immediate use to land managers and other stakeholders in the natural resources and public policy arenas. We will also provide the first estimates of potential heterogeneity in population health outcomes by smoke plume mixtures. Longer-term, our study will help to inform the development of more accurate, evidence-based public health warning systems.

抽象的 与美国西部其他城市类似，里诺的空气质量通常会受到荒野大火的烟雾的影响。抽烟 羽流含有复杂的空气污染物混合物，其气溶胶组成受几个因素的控制。这些 因素包括衰老，其中生物量燃烧排放时形成二次有机气溶胶 大气中的氧化和燃料类型（即燃烧的植被类型）。整个西方的居民也是 暴露于规定的烧伤中的烟雾，土地管理者使用这些烟雾来减轻野火风险。由于他们的较低 强度，处方的烧伤更有可能闷烧，而发火的发射与火焰不同 火。为了建模西方烟雾混合物的气溶胶组成需要详细的排放信息 从区域相关的燃料中，气溶胶老化的准确表征以及对低的差异的考虑 强度处方烧伤和燃烧的野火。 2006年，里诺（Reno Health）的主要医疗保健提供者（Reno Health）转移到电子病历（EMRS）。 目前，该数据库包含有关超过140万名患者就诊的信息。这个资源，结合了里诺的 经常暴露于起源于影响美国许多主要城市的生态系统的火灾中，使 里诺是调查烟雾混合物与人口健康之间关联的机会。 我们提出的研究有两个总体目标。 1）我们将改善西方使用的烟雾暴露建模 公共卫生应用。我们将创建一种新的创新空气质量模型，该模型将是第一个使用量身定制的 从区域生物量燃料到模型烟李混合物的排放信息将根据 起源，大气老化和火力强度的生态系统（低强度的烧伤与火焰野火）。 2）我们 将促进对烟雾暴露的急性人口水平健康影响的理解。我们将执行 使用著名EMRS的流行病学研究，考虑到总体关联和潜在的异质性。 烟雾混合物。我们将估计烟雾暴露与四个广泛的健康类别的关联 结局（急性上气道疾病，急性下气道疾病，急性心血管疾病和孕产妇血液 压力）和特定的急性条件在这些类别中的先验兴趣（即哮喘，支气管炎，COPD） 登出，肺炎，充血性心力衰竭，缺血性中风和心肌梗塞）。 预期的结果包括提高我们为生物质燃烧事件建模烟李混合物的能力 每年影响数百万美国人，预计将来会增加。我们将提供第一个健康 规定烧伤的协会估算，这将是对土地经理和其他利益相关者的立即使用 自然资源和公共政策领域。我们还将提供对潜在异质性的首次估计 烟雾混合物的人口健康结果。长期，我们的研究将有助于告知 更准确，基于证据的公共卫生警告系统。