Identifying the neural structures and dynamics that regulate phonological structure

识别调节语音结构的神经结构和动力学

• 批准号: 9894782
• 负责人: SEPPO PENTTI AHLFORS
• 金额: $ 51.72万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-04-01 至 2022-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9894782
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Algebra; Behavioral; Brain; Brain region; Categories; Cognition; Cognitive; Common Core; Communication impairment; Competence; Complex; Data; Development; Developmental Communication Disorders; Disease; Evaluation; Frequencies; Goals; Heart; Human; Image; Imaging Techniques; Injury; Intuition; Judgment; Knowledge; Laboratories; Language; Language Development; Language Disorders; Learning; Linguistics; Mediating; Mediation; Memory; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Names; Natural Language Processing; Neighborhoods; Pathology; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Process; Production; Property; Reaction; Research; Resolution; Role; Shapes; Speech; Speech Perception; Speech Sound; Structure; Structure of supramarginal gyrus; Systems Theory; Techniques; Testing; Work; bilingualism; developmental disease; dynamic system; experience; innovation; lexical; lexical processing; models and simulation; novel; phonology; relating to nervous system; simulation; sound; spatiotemporal; speech processing; theories; tool; word learning

The systematic patterning of language is a fundamental property of cognition. One aspect of this patterning, constraints on the combination of speech sounds to form words (phonotactic structure), has been implicated in constraining diverse processes related to language acquisition, perception, and production, bilingual language use, memory and even influences non-linguistic processes including the memorability of novel words and consumer reaction to novel brand names. This patterning changes in a variety of common acquired and developmental communication disorders. We will explore two explanations for these effects. One, developed in linguistic theory, argues that language users discover a set of abstract, language-specific rules or constraints that shape language use. The other view, developed in connectionist and dynamic systems theory, argues that phonotactic constraints emerge from top-down lexical influences on speech perception. Discriminating between these approaches is difficult because both explain behavioral data well. It is essential to discriminate between these accounts for two reasons. This question offers an excellent opportunity to resolve the debate over whether abstract linguistic rules/constraints create or simply describe the patterning of language. The resolution of this question has fundamental implications for the way linguistic formalism and connectionist simulations relate to human processing. At a more immediate level, this research offers the opportunity to identify a common core mechanism (either the leveraged use of abstract linguistic rules or top-down lexical influences) that explains and unites diverse linguistic and cognitive phenomena. Past efforts to resolve these issues have failed because of fundamental inferential limitations of behavioral and BOLD imaging paradigms. Accordingly, we have developed new tools and research strategies that allow us to identify patterns of directed interaction between brain regions (effective connectivity), and use these analyses to draw much stronger inferences about the dynamic processes that shape cognition. Observers in the field have argued that our methods have already provided “definitive” evidence to resolve the decades old debate over the role of top- down processes in speech processing. This proposal would extend those methods, and introduce innovative neural decoding analyses that we will use to characterize the categories (e.g. rules, words, abstract phonological representations needed to support rule application) that are encoded in localized brain activity. Using these methods, we will determine whether top-down lexical processes that we have shown produce phonotactic phenomena related to the processing of patterns that occur in speaker's language generalize to unfamiliar patterns. We will also use them to identify the substrates of rule- versus word-mediated processing, to provide a baseline for interpreted the representations and dynamic processes that support phonotactic effects in natural language processing.

语言的系统模式是认知的一个基本属性， 对语音组合形成单词（音位结构）的限制，与 限制与语言习得、感知和产生、双语相关的多种过程 使用、记忆甚至影响非语言过程，包括新词的记忆和 消费者对新颖品牌名称的反应在各种常见的购买和使用中发生变化。 我们将探讨对这些影响的两种解释。 语言理论认为，语言使用者发现了一组抽象的、特定于语言的规则或约束 另一种观点是在联结主义和动态系统理论中发展起来的，它认为： 音位限制源于自上而下的词汇对言语感知的影响。 这些方法之间的区别很困难，因为两者都可以很好地解释行为数据，区分是很重要的。 由于两个原因，这个问题提供了解决争论的绝佳机会。 关于抽象语言规则/约束是否创建或简单地描述语言模式。 这个问题的解决对于语言形式主义和联结主义的方式具有根本性的影响。 在更直接的层面上，模拟与人类处理有关。 确定一个共同的核心机制（抽象语言规则的杠杆使用或自上而下的词汇 影响）解释并统一了过去解决这些问题的努力。 由于行为和大胆成像范式的基本推理限制，问题已经失败。 ly，我们开发了新的工具和研究策略，使我们能够识别定向的模式 大脑区域之间的相互作用（有效连接），并利用这些分析得出更强的结论 该领域的观察者认为，我们对塑造认知的动态过程的推论。 方法已经提供了“决定性”证据来解决数十年来关于高层角色的争论 该提案将扩展这些方法，并引入创新。 我们将使用神经解码分析来表征类别（例如规则、单词、抽象 支持规则应用所需的语音表示）被编码在局部大脑活动中。 使用这些方法，我们将确定我们所展示的自上而下的词汇过程是否会产生 与说话者语言中发生的模式处理相关的语音现象概括为 我们还将使用它们来识别规则与文字介导的处理的基础， 为解释支持音位的表征和动态过程提供基线 对自然语言处理的影响。