Identifying the neural structures and dynamics that regulate phonological structure

识别调节语音结构的神经结构和动力学

• 批准号: 9894782
• 负责人: SEPPO PENTTI AHLFORS
• 金额: $ 51.72万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-04-01 至 2022-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9894782
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Algebra; Behavioral; Brain; Brain region; Categories; Cognition; Cognitive; Common Core; Communication impairment; Competence; Complex; Data; Development; Developmental Communication Disorders; Disease; Evaluation; Frequencies; Goals; Heart; Human; Image; Imaging Techniques; Injury; Intuition; Judgment; Knowledge; Laboratories; Language; Language Development; Language Disorders; Learning; Linguistics; Mediating; Mediation; Memory; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Names; Natural Language Processing; Neighborhoods; Pathology; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Process; Production; Property; Reaction; Research; Resolution; Role; Shapes; Speech; Speech Perception; Speech Sound; Structure; Structure of supramarginal gyrus; Systems Theory; Techniques; Testing; Work; bilingualism; developmental disease; dynamic system; experience; innovation; lexical; lexical processing; models and simulation; novel; phonology; relating to nervous system; simulation; sound; spatiotemporal; speech processing; theories; tool; word learning

The systematic patterning of language is a fundamental property of cognition. One aspect of this patterning, constraints on the combination of speech sounds to form words (phonotactic structure), has been implicated in constraining diverse processes related to language acquisition, perception, and production, bilingual language use, memory and even influences non-linguistic processes including the memorability of novel words and consumer reaction to novel brand names. This patterning changes in a variety of common acquired and developmental communication disorders. We will explore two explanations for these effects. One, developed in linguistic theory, argues that language users discover a set of abstract, language-specific rules or constraints that shape language use. The other view, developed in connectionist and dynamic systems theory, argues that phonotactic constraints emerge from top-down lexical influences on speech perception. Discriminating between these approaches is difficult because both explain behavioral data well. It is essential to discriminate between these accounts for two reasons. This question offers an excellent opportunity to resolve the debate over whether abstract linguistic rules/constraints create or simply describe the patterning of language. The resolution of this question has fundamental implications for the way linguistic formalism and connectionist simulations relate to human processing. At a more immediate level, this research offers the opportunity to identify a common core mechanism (either the leveraged use of abstract linguistic rules or top-down lexical influences) that explains and unites diverse linguistic and cognitive phenomena. Past efforts to resolve these issues have failed because of fundamental inferential limitations of behavioral and BOLD imaging paradigms. Accordingly, we have developed new tools and research strategies that allow us to identify patterns of directed interaction between brain regions (effective connectivity), and use these analyses to draw much stronger inferences about the dynamic processes that shape cognition. Observers in the field have argued that our methods have already provided “definitive” evidence to resolve the decades old debate over the role of top- down processes in speech processing. This proposal would extend those methods, and introduce innovative neural decoding analyses that we will use to characterize the categories (e.g. rules, words, abstract phonological representations needed to support rule application) that are encoded in localized brain activity. Using these methods, we will determine whether top-down lexical processes that we have shown produce phonotactic phenomena related to the processing of patterns that occur in speaker's language generalize to unfamiliar patterns. We will also use them to identify the substrates of rule- versus word-mediated processing, to provide a baseline for interpreted the representations and dynamic processes that support phonotactic effects in natural language processing.

语言的系统模式是认知的基本属性。这个图案的一个方面， 在语音组合形成单词的组合（声音结构）的结合中，已暗示 限制与语言获取，感知和生产有关的多种流程，双语语言 使用，记忆甚至影响非语言过程，包括新单词和 消费者对新品牌名称的反应。这种模式在各种普遍获得的情况下都会改变 发展沟通障碍。我们将探讨有关这些影响的两个解释。一个，开发 语言理论，论证语言用户发现一组抽象，特定语言的规则或约束 这种形状的语言使用。在连接主义和动态系统理论中开发的另一种观点认为 声音的约束来自自上而下的词汇对语音感知的影响。歧视 在这些方法之间很困难，因为两者都很好地解释了行为数据。歧视至关重要 在这些说法之间有两个原因。这个问题提供了解决辩论的绝佳机会 关于抽象的语言规则/约束是创建还是简单地描述语言的模式。这 解决这个问题对语言形式和联系主义者的方式具有根本的影响 模拟与人类处理有关。在更直接的层面上，这项研究提供了机会 确定通用核心机制（杠杆使用抽象语言规则或自上而下的词汇 影响并解释和单位潜水员语言和认知现象。过去努力解决这些 由于行为和大胆成像范式的基本推论局限性，问题失败了。 彼此之间，我们开发了新的工具和研究策略，使我们能够识别指导的模式 大脑区域之间的相互作用（有效连通性），并使用这些分析来提取更强的 关于塑造认知的动态过程的推论。该领域的观察员认为我们 方法已经提供了“确定的”证据，以解决数十年的关于顶级作用的辩论 语音处理中的降低过程。该建议将扩展这些方法，并引入创新 神经解码分析我们将用来表征类别（例如规则，单词，摘要 支持规则应用所需的语音表示），该规则在局部大脑活动中编码。 使用这些方法，我们将确定我们显示的自上而下的词汇过程是否产生了 与说话者语言中发生的模式的处理相关的语音现象， 陌生的模式。我们还将使用它们来识别规则 - 介导的处理的基础， 为解释支持Phonotactic的表示和动态过程提供基线 自然语言处理的影响。