Shared and Distinct Developmental Pathways to ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder

ADHD 和自闭症谱系障碍的共同和不同的发展途径

• 批准号: 9763646
• 负责人: Meghan Rhys Miller
• 金额: $ 24.52万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-21 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9763646
• 关键词: Age-Months; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavior; Behavior assessment; Behavioral; Biological; Categories; Child; Childhood; Clinical Sciences; Code; Cognitive; Data; Development; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Differential Diagnosis; Dimensions; Disease; Early Diagnosis; Early Intervention; Early identification; Evaluation; Eye; Goals; Growth; Heritability; Impairment; Individual; Infant; Intervention; Language; Life; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Measurement; Measures; Mental disorders; Mentors; Methods; Modeling; National Institute of Mental Health; Neurocognitive; Outcome; Parents; Pathway interactions; Phase; Prevention; Prevention program; Preventive Intervention; Process; Prospective Studies; Public Health; Research; Research Domain Criteria; Risk; Sampling; Siblings; Stimulus; Strategic Planning; Symptoms; Syndrome; Temperament; Time; Training; United States National Institutes of Health; Visit; Visual attention; autism diagnostic observation schedule; autism spectrum disorder; autistic children; base; career development; cognitive ability; cognitive development; communication behavior; early screening; high risk; improved; improved outcome; indexing; informant; intervention program; novel; programs; public health relevance; recruit; relating to nervous system; repetitive behavior; social; social attention; social communication; sustained attention; therapy design; therapy development; transmission process; treatment program

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overarching goals of the proposed project are to identify shared and distinct early behavioral indicators for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, and to better understand early developmental pathways to ASD and ADHD in children at risk for each syndrome. ASD and ADHD are two prevalent disorders emerging early in childhood, each conferring significant long-term impairment. Co-occurrence is common, and there is evidence of shared heritability and familial transmission, as well as overlapping neural and neurocognitive abnormalities, but little i known about unique and shared features very early in development, prior to diagnosis. It is clear that determining early signs uniquely associated with the development of ASD or ADHD is critical to enhancing accurate early detection efforts and identifying ideal targets and time point for intervention. What has been less well appreciated is that the impact of prevention and early intervention efforts will also be heightened by identifying transdiagnostic factors, or processes shared across disorders, that underlie symptom development. This is an ideal approach to apply to the study of ASD and ADHD because, given evidence of shared biological and behavioral abnormalities, it is likely that some early behavioral indicators also overlap, serving as general indices of atypical development that could be leveraged for transdiagnostic treatment development and prevention efforts. Two longitudinal studies are proposed to examine early behavioral indicators and developmental trajectories in three groups of children: infant siblings of children with ASD (high-risk ASD), infant siblings of children with ADHD (high-risk ADHD), and infant siblings of typically developing children (low-risk). The K99 study aims to identify early shared and distinct predictors of the development of dimensionally-measured ASD versus ADHD symptoms at 24 months of age across key cognitive, language, social, and behavioral domains at 12 and 18 months of age. The R00 study will build upon the K99 study, following an independent sample of infants through 36 months and incorporating additional measurement strategies and categorical diagnostic outcomes, allowing for the examination of shared and distinct early developmental trajectories of children with ASD versus ADHD diagnostic outcomes. Within each study, multi-method, multi-informant, multidimensional evaluations will include direct behavioral assessments, eye tracking, parent-completed rating scales, and examiner- completed ratings. These studies will be critical for (a) elucidating shared versus distinct developmental pathways; (b) accurate early screening, assessment, and differential diagnosis; and (c) determining key domains and time points for the development of targeted, process-focused intervention and prevention programs that can be applied early in life across many groups of individuals with, or at risk for, various diagnoses, consistent with the NIH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) goals.

 描述（由适用提供）：拟议项目的总体目标是识别自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）和注意力缺陷/多动症（ADHD）症状的共享和独特的早期行为指标，并更好地了解每种综合征风险的儿童的ASD和ADHD的早期早期发育途径。 ASD和ADHD是童年早期出现的两种普遍的疾病，每次会议的长期障碍。共同出现很常见，并且有证据表明具有共同的遗传力和家庭传播以及重叠的神经认知异常，但是在诊断之前，我对开发的独特和共享特征我鲜为人知。显然，确定与ASD或ADHD发展唯一相关的早期符号对于增强准确的早期检测工作并确定理想目标和干预时间点至关重要。不太受欢迎的是，通过识别经诊断的因素或跨疾病共享的过程，预防和早期干预工作的影响也将加剧，这是症状发展的基础。这是适用于ASD和ADHD研究的理想方法，因为鉴于有共同的生物学和行为异常的证据，一些早期的行为指标很可能也重叠，作为非典型发展的一般指标，可以将其用于转诊治疗的发展和预防工作。提出了两项​​纵向研究，以检查三组儿童的早期行为指标和发育轨迹：患有ASD（高危ASD）儿童的婴儿兄弟姐妹，ADHD（高危ADHD）的儿童的婴儿兄弟姐妹以及典型的发育中儿童的婴儿兄弟姐妹（低风险）（低风险）。 K99研究旨在确定在12个月大时，在关键的认知，语言，社交和行为领域的24个月大时，尺寸测量的ASD与ADHD症状的发展的早期共享和不同的预测指标。 R00研究将基于K99的研究，此前是在36个月内独立样本的婴儿样本，并编码其他测量策略和分类诊断结果，从而可以检查具有ASD与ASD与ADHD诊断成果的共享和独特的早期发育轨迹。在每项研究中，多方法，多维，多维评估将包括直接行为评估，眼动追踪，父母完成的评分量表和审查员完成的评分。这些研究对于（a）阐明共享与不同的发育途径至关重要； （b）准确的早期筛查，评估和差异诊断； （c）确定开发目标，以过程为中心的干预和预防计划的关键领域和时间点，这些计划可以在许多群体中生命早期应用，或有各种诊断风险，与NIH研究领域（RDOC）目标一致。