Infant Predictors of ADHD and ASD Symptomology

ADHD 和 ASD 症状的婴儿预测因子

• 批准号: 10463942
• 负责人: Alexis Federico
• 金额: $ 4.19万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA AT COLUMBIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-16 至 2025-08-15
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10463942
• 关键词: 3 year old; Address; Affect; Age-Months; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Attentional deficit; Behavioral; Child; Childhood; Communication; Communication impairment; Complex; Development; Diagnosis; Dimensions; Disease; Early Diagnosis; Early Intervention; Early identification; Etiology; Face; Family; Family history of; Genetic; Genetic Risk; Heart Rate; Infant; Intervention; Investigation; Life; Light; Link; Literature; Maps; Measures; Mental disorders; Motor; Motor Skills; National Institute of Mental Health; Neurodevelopmental Disorder; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Phenotype; Physiological; Process; Research; Research Domain Criteria; Research Personnel; Screening procedure; Severities; Specific qualifier value; Specificity; Stimulus; Symptoms; Time; associated symptom; autism spectrum disorder; behavior measurement; clinically significant; comorbidity; comparison group; diagnostic criteria; high risk; improved; infancy; longitudinal design; motor deficit; novel; prospective; reduce symptoms; skills; social; social communication; sustained attention

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are two of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders and affect approximately 1 in 54 and 1 in 11 children in the U.S. respectively with a surprisingly high comorbidity rate of up to 70%. Growing literature suggests that early intervention can ameliorate symptoms and reduce burden of suffering for children affected by these disorders and their families. In order for early intervention to be successful, identification of infants at the highest risk for later challenges is necessary. Social communication deficits, atypical attention, and motor skills challenges have been implicated in the development of both ASD and ADHD. However, little is known about the specificity of these features as unique mechanisms related to the development of ASD and ADHD in infancy. Characterizing the profiles of social communication, attention, and motor skills across infants at an elevated genetic likelihood for ASD, infants at an elevated genetic likelihood for ADHD, and infants at a low genetic likelihood for both disorders can provide important information about disorder-specific symptoms of ASD and ADHD. Understanding transdiagnostic and disorder-specific features of ASD and ADHD will lead to improved screening tools and tailored interventions. Thus, the present study leverages a prospective, longitudinal design to study trajectories of social communication, attention, and motor skills and their relation to ASD and ADHD symptomology throughout the first three years of life. Consistent with NIMH’s Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach to investigation of mental disorders, this study will use physiological and behavioral measures to assess these constructs. Further, ASD and ADHD symptoms will be assessed on a dimensional basis. Specific Aim 1 will provide novel information about three phenotypes of ASD and ADHD – communication, attention, motor skills – in infants at genetic risk to provide an early profile of infant skills across three groups. Results from this study will provide information about symptoms associated with genetic risk for ASD and ADHD. Specific Aim 2 will investigate a physiological measure of attention as a predictor of ASD and ADHD symptomology. Notably, this aim will address a gap in current literature concerning the association between attention measured physiologically and symptoms of ADHD. Finally, Specific Aim 3 will explore trajectories of social communication, attention, and motor development as predictors for ASD and ADHD symptomology. These research aims will inform the complex mechanisms implicated in the development of ASD and ADHD symptoms.

项目摘要/摘要 自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）和注意力缺陷/多动症（ADHD）是最大的两个 常见的神经发育障碍，在美国有11名儿童中约有1个中的1分之一和1个儿童 惊人的合并症率分别高达70％。越来越多的文学表明早期 干预可以缓解症状并减少受这些疾病影响儿童的痛苦 和他们的家人。为了使早期干预成功，确定婴儿风险最高的婴儿 后来的挑战是必要的。社会沟通不足，非典型关注和运动技能挑战有 在ASD和ADHD的开发中实施。但是，关于特异性知之甚少 这些特征是与婴儿期ASD和ADHD发展有关的独特机制。特征 遗传可能性升高的婴儿的社会交流，注意力和运动技能的概况 对于ASD，ADHD的遗传可能性升高的婴儿，两者的遗传可能性低的婴儿 疾病可以提供有关ASD和ADHD的特定疾病症状的重要信息。 了解ASD和ADHD的经诊断和特异性特异性特征将导致筛查的改善 工具和量身定制的干预措施。这就是本研究利用前瞻性的纵向设计来研究 社会沟通，注意力和运动技能的轨迹及其与ASD和ADHD的关系 症状在生命的头三年。与NIMH的研究领域标准（RDOC）一致 调查精神障碍的方法，本研究将采用身体和行为措施 评估这些结构。此外，将以维度评估ASD和ADHD症状。具体的 AIM 1将提供有关ASD和ADHD三种表型的新颖信息 - 沟通，注意力， 运动技能 - 在有遗传风险的婴儿中提供三组婴儿技能的早期特征。结果 这项研究将提供有关与ASD和ADHD遗传风险相关的症状的信息。具体目标 2将研究注意力的物理测量作为ASD和ADHD症状的预测指标。尤其， 该目标将解决有关当前文献的差距，以介绍所测量的注意力之间的关联 生理学和多动症的符号。最后，特定的目标3将探索社会交流的轨迹， 注意，运动发展作为ASD和ADHD症状的预测因子。这些研究目标将 告知在ASD和ADHD症状发展中实施的复杂机制。