Computational and circuit mechanisms underlying motor control

电机控制的计算和电路机制

基本信息

批准号：
9568037
负责人：
Rui M. Costa
金额：
$ 297.63万
依托单位：
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-09-25 至 2022-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Understanding the mechanisms that the nervous system uses to control movement is critical for understanding brain and behavior, and one of the fundamental questions in neuroscience. The control of movement emerges from the activity of different motor control centers, that converge onto output systems, mostly located in the spinal cord. While the spinal circuits that underlie different aspects of motor control have been relatively well characterized, the way by which these circuits are coordinated by supraspinal motor control centers remains elusive. In this project, we aim to understand the functional and computational logic of connectivity between a motor control centers, the motor cortex, and the spinal cord and muscle. We will anatomically and functionally characterize the role of projection-specific populations of corticospinal neurons during particular modes of motor control. Because even the simplest motor program requires the activation of many neuronal populations across multiple brain areas, we will also investigate the contribution of other cortical and subcortical areas to the output of the brain to the spinal cord, and to muscle activity. This understanding requires It also requires extracting the information that is carried between brain areas and neuronal cell types, and understanding the computations that are operated in the circuits in order to achieve specific patterns of muscle activation. We will extract computational principles governing the relation between brain activity and muscle activity that are conserved between rodents and , and will construct predictive models of . In order to achieve a mechanistic understanding of the brain circuits underlying motor control, we will dissect the contributions of activity in specific neural populations using closed-loop optogenetic manipulations. The level of understanding that we are seeking requires a dynamic back and forth between anatomical and functional mapping experiments, computational and conceptual models, and causal testing of predictions. We put together a a multidisciplinary team of PIs working in a tight network, sharing the latest technologies to measure and manipulate the brain through an Advanced Imaging and Instrumentation core, creating and refining circuit models based on data that generate testable predictions, and establishing real-time knowledge exchange between team members through a Data Science Core. Our U19BCP Motor Control team proposes a comprehensive and ambitious project to establish the computational and circuit mechanisms underlying classical modes of motor control based on cell-type specific connectivity between brain and spinal cord, novel technology to measure and manipulate functionally and genetically-defined neural populations, and state-of-the-art computational tools. primates multi-area dynamics during motor control

了解神经系统用于控制运动的机制对于了解大脑和行为，是神经科学的基本问题之一。这运动的控制来自不同运动控制中心的活动，这些中心汇聚到输出系统，大部分位于脊髓。虽然不同的脊髓回路电机控制的各个方面已经得到了相对较好的表征，这些电路的方式由脊髓上运动控制中心协调的机制仍然难以捉摸。在这个项目中，我们的目标是了解电机控制中心之间连接的功能和计算逻辑，运动皮层、脊髓和肌肉。我们将从解剖学和功能上表征皮质脊髓神经元的投射特异性群体在特定运动模式中的作用控制。因为即使是最简单的运动程序也需要激活许多神经元跨多个大脑区域的人群，我们还将研究其他皮质和大脑区域的贡献皮质下区域负责大脑向脊髓的输出以及肌肉活动。这理解需要还需要提取大脑区域之间携带的信息和神经元细胞类型，并理解电路中按顺序运行的计算实现特定的肌肉激活模式。我们将提取控制的计算原理啮齿动物和肌肉活动之间保守的大脑活动和肌肉活动之间的关系，并将构建的预测模型。为了为了实现对运动控制背后的大脑回路的机械理解，我们将使用闭环光遗传学剖析特定神经群体活动的贡献操纵。我们所寻求的理解水平需要动态的来回解剖学和功能映射实验、计算模型和概念模型之间，以及预测的因果检验。我们组建了一支由 PI 组成的多学科团队，紧密合作网络，分享通过先进的测量和操纵大脑的最新技术成像和仪器核心，根据生成的数据创建和完善电路模型可测试的预测，并在团队成员之间建立实时知识交流通过数据科学核心。我们的 U19BCP 电机控制团队提出了全面且建立经典模式下的计算和电路机制的雄心勃勃的项目基于大脑和脊髓之间细胞类型特异性连接的运动控制，新颖测量和操纵功能和基因定义的神经群体的技术，以及最先进的计算工具。灵长类动物电机控制期间的多区域动态