Comparative genomics of sex chromosomes in Diptera: gene trafficking, dosage comp

双翅目性染色体的比较基因组学：基因运输、剂量比较

基本信息

批准号：
8698035
负责人：
Doris Bachtrog
金额：
$ 38.12万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-03-01 至 2018-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8698035
关键词：
Base Sequence Biology ChIP-seq Characteristics Chromatin Chromatin Structure Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 Data Data Set Defect Diptera Dosage Compensation (Genetics)Drosophila genus Evolution Family Female Feminization Fertility Gene Dosage Gene Expression Gene Expression Profile Genes Genetic Genetic Transcription Genome Genomics Head Health Homologous Gene Human Investigation Knowledge Link Male Infertility Mammals Methods Modeling Molecular Profiling Movement Organism Ovary Pattern Phylogenetic Analysis Primates Property Research Resources Sampling Sex Bias Sex Chromosomes Shapes Statistical Methods System Techniques Testis Text Tissues X Chromosome X Inactivation Y Chromosome abstracting autosome comparative comparative genomics dosage fly genome analysis genome sequencing histone modification male next generation sequencing novel physical mapping segregation sex trafficking transcriptome sequencing

项目摘要

Enter the text here that is the new abstract information for your application. This section must be no longer than 30 lines of text. Comparative genomics of sex chromosomes in Diptera: gene trafficking, dosage compensation, sex-biased expression and gene content evolution. Sex chromosomes are derived from ordinary autosomes but harbor many unique characteristics, including a nonrandom gene content, or sex-specific expression patterns. However, most of our knowledge of sex chromosome biology is restricted to a few model species, including humans or Drosophila, since identification of sex-linked genes traditionally requires laborious segregation analysis or physical mapping. Research in these two groups has revealed that sex chromosomes often show unusual, yet sometimes highly discordant patterns of genome evolution and function. In particular, X chromosomes of mammals show an excess of male genes, yet a deficiency in Drosophila; the X is dosage compensated through X inactivation in female mammals, yet is hyper-transcribed in Drosophila males; the gene content is highly conserved on the Y chromosome in primates and many Y genes have homologs on the X, yet turns over rapidly in Drosophila with no remaining X-Y homology. Thus, to disentangle species-specific patterns from general features of sex chromosomes, it is necessary to compare the genomic properties of several independently formed sex chromosomes. We have developed a new powerful statistical method for identifying a large number of sex-linked genes that is applicable to virtually any organism using next-generation sequencing techniques. This will allow us to examine sex chromosomes in several non-model organisms, and study the functional and evolutionary properties of sex chromosomes in an unprecedented way. We propose to use broad phylogenetic sampling in Diptera and novel sequencing-based methods to identify sex-linked sequences, combined with transcriptome profiling across sexes and tissues, and investigation of the sex-specific chromatin structure. This rich data set will allow us to identify transitions among sex chromosomes and sex determining mechanisms, and will reveal key principals that shape the evolution and function of independently evolved sex chromosomes in flies, including identification of the general mechanisms of dosage compensation and the evolution of sex-biased expression patterns.

在此处输入文本，该文本是您的应用程序的新摘要信息。此部分必须没有文本长度超过 30 行。双翅目性染色体的比较基因组学：基因运输、剂量补偿、性别偏见表达和基因内容进化。性染色体源自普通常染色体，但具有许多独特的特征，包括非随机基因内容或性别特异性表达模式。然而，我们大多数性染色体生物学知识仅限于少数模型物种，包括人类或果蝇，因为性别连锁基因的鉴定传统上需要费力的分离分析或物理映射。对这两个群体的研究表明，性染色体经常表现出不寻常但有时高度不一致的基因组进化和功能模式。特别是，X 哺乳动物的染色体显示雄性基因过多，而果蝇的染色体则缺乏； X 是通过雌性哺乳动物中 X 失活来补偿剂量，但在果蝇中高度转录男性；灵长类动物 Y 染色体上的基因内容高度保守，许多 Y 基因具有 X 上的同源性，但在果蝇中迅速转变，没有剩余的 X-Y 同源性。因此，为了将物种特异性模式与性染色体的一般特征分开，有必要比较几个独立形成的性染色体的基因组特性。我们开发了一种新的强大的统计方法，用于识别大量与性别相关的基因，适用于几乎所有使用下一代测序技术的生物体。这将使我们能够检查性别几种非模式生物中的染色体，并研究其功能和进化特性以前所未有的方式改变性染色体。我们建议在双翅目中使用广泛的系统发育采样和基于测序的新颖方法识别性别连锁序列，结合跨性别和组织的转录组分析，以及性别特异性染色质结构的研究。这个丰富的数据集将使我们能够识别转变性染色体和性别决定机制之间的关系，并将揭示塑造性染色体和性别决定机制的关键原理果蝇独立进化的性染色体的进化和功能，包括鉴定剂量补偿的一般机制和性别偏向表达模式的演变。