Investigating the special role of sex chromosomes in speciation: discovering the molecular identities, functions, and evolutionary histories of X-linked hybrid male sterility genes in Drosophila

研究性染色体在物种形成中的特殊作用：发现果蝇X连锁杂种雄性不育基因的分子身份、功能和进化历史

• 批准号: 9447747
• 负责人: COLIN D MEIKLEJOHN
• 金额: $ 33.3万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-15 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9447747
• 关键词: Alleles; Animals; Base Sequence; Bioinformatics; Biological Assay; Biological Models; Biological Process; Biology; Chromosome Mapping; Code; Cytology; Data; Developmental Process; Drosophila genus; Employee Strikes; Evolution; Female; Fertility; Functional disorder; Gene Expression; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Models; Genetic Polymorphism; Genome; Genomics; Genotype; Goals; Human; Hybrids; Initiator Codon; Knowledge; Lead; Link; Male Sterility; Mammals; Maps; Methods; Modeling; Modern 1601-history; Molecular; Molecular Biology; Molecular Genetics; Mus; Pattern; Penetrance; Phenotype; Play; Population; Process; Proteins; Reagent; Recording of previous events; Recurrence; Research; Resolution; Resources; Rest; Role; Sex Chromosomes; Shotguns; Spermatogenesis; Sterility; Testing; Testis; Transgenes; Transgenic Organisms; Validation; X Chromosome; Y Chromosome; base; biological systems; functional genomics; genome-wide; genomic data; insight; killings; male; molecular marker; next generation; novel; offspring; reproductive; single molecule; transcriptome sequencing; virtual

New species arise when populations evolve incompatible alleles that lead to lethality or sterility in hybrid offspring between isolated populations. Understanding the evolution of reproductive isolation between species requires functional characterization of the genes that cause barriers to genetic exchange and determining how they kill or sterilize hybrids. Two striking patterns in speciation biology are the early accumulation of hybrid male sterility in animal taxa with X and Y chromosomes (Haldane's Rule), and the enrichment of hybrid sterility factors on the X chromosome (the large X-effect). Speciation in XY species such as mammals and fruit flies is therefore associated with the rapid evolution of X-linked alleles that cause male sterility in interspecific hybrids. Multiple evolutionary models have been proposed to explain both these patterns, but there is insufficient empirical data to test these hypotheses. The long-term objectives of the proposed research are to identify previously unknown X-linked genes that cause hybrid male sterility between closely related species of Drosophila, and to characterize the mechanisms by which these genes disrupt spermatogenesis. These objectives will increase our understanding of the biological processes of speciation, evolutionary divergence in genes and genomes, and the developmental process of spermatogenesis. The proposed research will use genetic and transgenic approaches to identify, verify, and investigate X-linked hybrid sterility genes. Genome-wide gene expression and cytological analyses will determine how these genes disrupt spermatogenesis in hybrids; and population and evolutionary genomic resources will be used to determine the evolutionary history of these genes.

当种群进化出不相容的等位基因并导致致命性或致命性时，新物种就会出现。 孤立种群之间杂交后代的不育。了解演变 物种之间的生殖隔离需要基因的功能表征 导致基因交换和决定它们如何杀死或绝育的障碍 杂交种。物种生物学中两个显着的模式是杂种的早期积累 具有 X 和 Y 染色体的动物类群中的雄性不育（霍尔丹规则），以及 X 染色体上杂交不育因子的富集（大 X 效应）。 因此，XY 物种（例如哺乳动物和果蝇）的物种形成与 X连锁等位基因的快速进化导致种间杂种中雄性不育。 人们提出了多种进化模型来解释这两种模式，但是 没有足够的经验数据来检验这些假设。的长期目标 拟议的研究是为了识别以前未知的 X 连锁基因，这些基因会导致 果蝇密切相关物种之间的杂种雄性不育，并表征 这些基因破坏精子发生的机制。这些目标将 增加我们对物种形成、进化等生物过程的理解 基因和基因组的分歧以及精子发生的发育过程。 拟议的研究将使用遗传和转基因方法来识别、验证、 并研究X连锁杂交不育基因。全基因组基因表达和 细胞学分析将确定这些基因如何破坏杂种的精子发生； 种群和进化基因组资源将用于确定 这些基因的进化史。