Investigating the special role of sex chromosomes in speciation: discovering the molecular identities, functions, and evolutionary histories of X-linked hybrid male sterility genes in Drosophila

研究性染色体在物种形成中的特殊作用：发现果蝇X连锁杂种雄性不育基因的分子身份、功能和进化历史

• 批准号: 9447747
• 负责人: COLIN D MEIKLEJOHN
• 金额: $ 33.3万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-15 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9447747
• 关键词: Alleles; Animals; Base Sequence; Bioinformatics; Biological Assay; Biological Models; Biological Process; Biology; Chromosome Mapping; Code; Cytology; Data; Developmental Process; Drosophila genus; Employee Strikes; Evolution; Female; Fertility; Functional disorder; Gene Expression; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Models; Genetic Polymorphism; Genome; Genomics; Genotype; Goals; Human; Hybrids; Initiator Codon; Knowledge; Lead; Link; Male Sterility; Mammals; Maps; Methods; Modeling; Modern 1601-history; Molecular; Molecular Biology; Molecular Genetics; Mus; Pattern; Penetrance; Phenotype; Play; Population; Process; Proteins; Reagent; Recording of previous events; Recurrence; Research; Resolution; Resources; Rest; Role; Sex Chromosomes; Shotguns; Spermatogenesis; Sterility; Testing; Testis; Transgenes; Transgenic Organisms; Validation; X Chromosome; Y Chromosome; base; biological systems; functional genomics; genome-wide; genomic data; insight; killings; male; molecular marker; next generation; novel; offspring; reproductive; single molecule; transcriptome sequencing; virtual

New species arise when populations evolve incompatible alleles that lead to lethality or sterility in hybrid offspring between isolated populations. Understanding the evolution of reproductive isolation between species requires functional characterization of the genes that cause barriers to genetic exchange and determining how they kill or sterilize hybrids. Two striking patterns in speciation biology are the early accumulation of hybrid male sterility in animal taxa with X and Y chromosomes (Haldane's Rule), and the enrichment of hybrid sterility factors on the X chromosome (the large X-effect). Speciation in XY species such as mammals and fruit flies is therefore associated with the rapid evolution of X-linked alleles that cause male sterility in interspecific hybrids. Multiple evolutionary models have been proposed to explain both these patterns, but there is insufficient empirical data to test these hypotheses. The long-term objectives of the proposed research are to identify previously unknown X-linked genes that cause hybrid male sterility between closely related species of Drosophila, and to characterize the mechanisms by which these genes disrupt spermatogenesis. These objectives will increase our understanding of the biological processes of speciation, evolutionary divergence in genes and genomes, and the developmental process of spermatogenesis. The proposed research will use genetic and transgenic approaches to identify, verify, and investigate X-linked hybrid sterility genes. Genome-wide gene expression and cytological analyses will determine how these genes disrupt spermatogenesis in hybrids; and population and evolutionary genomic resources will be used to determine the evolutionary history of these genes.

当种群进化出导致致死性或 孤立人群之间的混合后代无菌性。了解的演变 物种之间的生殖隔离需要基因的功能表征 这导致遗传交换的障碍并确定它们如何杀死或消毒 杂种。物种生物学中的两个惊人模式是杂种的早期积累 X和Y染色体（Haldane的规则）的动物分类单元中的男性无菌性， X染色体上的杂交无菌因子的富集（大X效应）。 因此 X连锁等位基因的快速演变导致种间杂种中雄性无菌性。 已经提出了多种进化模型来解释这两种模式，但是 没有足够的经验数据来检验这些假设。长期目标 拟议的研究是确定引起的先前未知的X连锁基因 果蝇密切相关的物种之间的混合雄性无菌性，并表征 这些基因破坏精子发生的机制。这些目标将 提高我们对形成生物学过程，进化的理解 基因和基因组的差异以及精子发生的发育过程。 拟议的研究将使用遗传和转基因方法来识别，验证， 并研究X连锁的杂化无菌基因。全基因组基因表达和 细胞学分析将确定这些基因如何破坏杂种中的精子发生。 人口和进化基因组资源将用于确定 这些基因的进化史。