Drugs and Driving: Developing a Sentinel Drug_FARS for Research

毒品与驾驶：开发哨兵药物_FARS 研究

• 批准号: 9354427
• 负责人: Gordon Stephen Smith
• 金额: $ 15.73万
• 依托单位: WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-30 至 2019-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9354427
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Affect; Automobile Driving; Censuses; Collaborations; Colorado; Common Data Element; Conflict (Psychology); Consumption; Coroner; County; Data; Data Collection; Data Linkages; Data Quality; Data Sources; Databases; Development; Drug Targeting; Drug usage; Drunk driving; Effectiveness; Ensure; Expenditure; Forensic Medicine; Funding; Goals; Grant; Illicit Drugs; Incidence; Individual; Information Systems; Injury; Intervention; Laboratories; Laws; Lead; Legal; Light; Link; Literature; Marijuana; Maryland; Medical Examiners; Methodology; Modeling; Monitor; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Policies; Prevalence; Procedures; Process; Public Health; Public Policy; Records; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Role; Safety; Sentinel; Severities; Site; Source; Specimen; Standardization; Structure; System; Test Result; Testing; Time; Time trend; Toxicology; United States; Variant; Vehicle crash; Washington; West Virginia; base; cost effective; design; driving under influence; drug quality; drug testing; drugged driving; epidemiology study; experience; impaired driving performance; improved; injured; innovation; marijuana legalization; multidisciplinary; novel therapeutics; public health relevance; success; systems research; trend; working group

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Conflicting results exist in the literature on the effects of drugs on driving. This is a major concern as 9.9 million persons reported driving under the influence of illicit drugs in 2013. The Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), a census of all U.S. fatal vehicle crashes, is a source of information that could shed light into this discrepancy. However, currently it is not possible to determine tests performed as FARS only records positive and not negative results. This gap is a major impediment to understanding the impact of drugs and driving. FARS also does not distinguish between the active THC, responsible for the acute effects of marijuana, and the inactive metabolites, which can persist for weeks. Therefore, we do not know if fatally injured drivers were under the influence of marijuana at the time of the crash or if the consumption occurred days prior the crash. These deficiencies preclude conducting studies evaluating drug involvement in crashes, trends, or the effects of drugged driving laws. Comprehensive and high quality data on fatally injured drivers exists in certain states with centralized forensic laboratories. The current structure of FARS does not utilize this information as no mechanism is in place to link these reporting systems. The long-term objective of this study is to reduce drug related traffic injuries by developing a reliable databas using toxicology data that can support valid drugged driving research. The main aim of this R21 exploratory grant is to demonstrate the feasibility of developing a sentinel Drug-FARS research database to investigate important issues regarding drugs and traffic crash risk. Subsequent aims include determining the prevalence and trends in drug involvement in fatally injured drivers; and identifying potential states and counties for development of a comprehensive Drug-FARS for future research. This study is an innovative, cost-effective, and sustainable application of data linkage of medical examiner, toxicology, and FARS databases to address the public health need for data on drug use and driving. A multi-disciplinary Expert Working Group will advise on the development of a toxicology database model for traffic fatalities. Toxicology laboratory and medical examiner data from three states, Maryland, Washington, and West Virginia will be examined and data harmonized into common data elements. Linkage of toxicology data with FARS at the state level will enrich the quality data on crash circumstances and contributing factors. The database will be used to determine accurate drugged driving prevalence and trends. In-depth analyses of drugs testing in FARS will also be conducted to identify candidate states for development of a comprehensive Drug-FARS. This research will result in a research database (Sentinel Drug-FARS) that will enable researchers to determine risks related to individual drugs and driving, and to design, monitor and evaluate interventions targeting drugged driving. The fulfillment of the aims will potentially influence the core toxicoloy drug data collection and linkage methodology from the local to the national levels. This study will also contribute to standardize the data process to facilitate comparison across states and time.

 描述（应用程序提供）：文献中存在有关药物对驾驶影响的矛盾结果。这是一个主要问题，因为2013年有990万人报告在非法毒品的影响下驾驶。死亡分析报告系统（FARS）是所有美国致命车辆崩溃的人口普查，是一种信息来源，可以将这种信息阐明到这种差异中。 但是，目前不可能确定执行的测试，因为FARS仅记录正面的结果，而不是负面结果。这一差距是了解毒品和驾驶影响的主要障碍。 FARS还不能区分主动THC，负责大麻的急性作用和无活跃的代谢物，这可能会持续数周。因此，我们不知道在坠机发生时还是在坠机发生前几天发生消费时，致命受伤的驾驶员是否受到大麻的影响。这些缺陷排除了进行研究的研究，该研究评估了药物参与崩溃，趋势或毒品驾驶法律的影响。在某些州，具有集中式法医实验室的某些州，存在有关致命伤害驾驶员的全面和高质量数据。 FARS的当前结构不利用此信息，因为没有将这些报告系统连接起来的机制。这项研究的长期目标是通过使用可以支持有效药物驱动研究的毒理学数据来开发可靠的数据库来减少与药物相关的交通损伤。该R21 Explorer Grant的主要目的是证明开发Sentinel Drug Fars研究数据库的可行性，以调查有关药物和交通事故风险的重要问题。随后的目标包括确定致命受伤司机的药物参与的患病率和趋势；并确定潜在的国家和县开发综合药物以供未来的研究。这项研究是一项创新，具有成本效益且可持续的医学检查，毒理学和FARS数据库的数据链接的应用，以满足公共健康需求的吸毒和驾驶数据。一个多学科专家工作组将为交通死亡的毒理学数据库模型提供建议。来自三个州，马里兰州，华盛顿和西弗吉尼亚州的毒理学实验室和医学检查数据将进行检查，并将数据统一为共同的数据元素。毒理学数据与州一级的FARS的联系将丰富崩溃情况和促成因素的质量数据。该数据库将用于确定准确的药物驾驶患病率和趋势。还将对FARS中的药物测试进行深入分析，以确定候选状态以开发全面的药物。这项研究将导致研究数据库（Sentinel Drug Fars），该数据库将使研究人员能够确定与单个药物和驾驶有关的风险，并设计，监控和评估针对吸毒驾驶的干预措施。实现目标将有可能影响从当地到国家一级的核心毒品药物数据收集和连锁方法。这项研究会 还有助于标准化数据过程，以促进各州和时间的比较。