Managing Heavy Drinking to Avoid Impaired Driving: A Study of Interlock Users

管理酗酒以避免驾驶不便：对联锁用户的研究

• 批准号: 9265718
• 负责人: THOMAS H NOCHAJSKI
• 金额: $ 54.88万
• 依托单位: PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2019-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9265718
• 关键词: Adherence; Adopted; Alcohol consumption; Alcoholic beverage heavy drinker; Alcohols; Automobile Driving; Back; Behavior; Biological; Biological Markers; Blood; Blood alcohol level measurement; Breath Tests; Characteristics; Consumption; Data; Data Reporting; Effectiveness; Employment; Excision; Family; Frequencies; Future; Goals; Hair; Heavy Drinking; Home environment; Impairment; Individual; Intervention; Knowledge; Learning; Legal; Measures; Methods; Modification; Morbidity - disease rate; New Mexico; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Performance; Physiological; Policies; Procedures; Provider; Reading; Records; Reporting; Research; Risk; Safety; Self Assessment; Specialist; Surveys; System; Telephone; Testing; TimeLine; United States; alcohol-related injury; base; convict; coping; coping mechanism; court; design; drinking; drinking behavior; driving behavior; high risk; ignition interlock device; impaired driving performance; offender; peer; prevent; probation; problem drinker; programs; public health relevance; recidivism

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Alcohol ignition interlocks that prevent drivers who have been drinking from starting their vehicles have become one of the most widely used and rapidly growing methods for controlling the risk that individuals convicted of driving while impaired (DWI) present to the driving public. Research has shown that offenders can learn to drive with an interlock and avoid lockouts without substantially reducing the quantity of alcohol they consume or curtailing their driving. What is not known is how such heavy-even dependent drinkers- adjust their drinking/driving behavior in order to drive interlock-equipped vehicles and why having made that adjustment they return to their normal drinking-driving behavior once the interlock is removed. This return to pre-interlock levels of recidivism is a major limitation on th effectiveness of this rapidly expanding sanction for impaired drivers. To answer that question, this study will collect self-report, biological, and official record data on the drinking and the driving of 500 first DWI offenders sentenced to 6 months on the interlock. Data will be collected covering the 6 months before the interlock is installed, the 6 months when the interlock is on the vehicle, and the 6 months following its removal. The Timeline Follow-back method will be used to build detailed scenarios of drinking-driving practices in each of those periods. These self-report data will be augmented with objective measures of alcohol consumption from biomarkers in hair and blood and interlock breath tests. Data will be examined to determine the coping methods (e.g., drinking at home versus away from home) used by offenders to avoid lockouts and the trajectories of those coping mechanisms in transition from the pre-arrest period, when the participant was driving under normal legal deterrence conditions, to the period on the interlock when the participant is prevented from driving if drinking, to the 6 months after the interlock is removed. Knowledge about how DWI offenders change their drinking and/or driving behaviors in order to start their cars will be useful to treatment specialists, probation officers, and interlock providers who deal with DWI offenders. More significantly, these results will provide a basis for developing interventions that extend the safety benefits of the altered drinking-driving behaviors adopted while on the interlock into the lifetime of driving following interlock removal.

描述（由申请人提供）：酒精点火互锁，防止饮酒的驾驶员已成为最广泛使用和快速增长的方法之一，用于控制个人在向驾驶公众出现的受损时犯有驾驶罪名成立的风险。研究表明，罪犯可以学会与互锁驾驶并避免停工，而无需大量减少他们消耗或减少驾驶的酒精数量。尚不清楚的是如何进行如此重的饮酒者 - 调整其饮酒/驾驶行为，以驾驶配备联锁的车辆，以及为什么进行调整后，一旦拆除了互锁，他们会恢复正常的饮酒行为。这种回归前锁定水平的累犯水平是对这一迅速扩大驾驶员制裁的效力的主要限制。为了回答这个问题，这项研究将收集自我报告，生物学和官方记录数据，以了解500名第一DWI罪犯在互锁中被判处6个月的第6个月。将收集数据，涵盖安装互锁之前的6个月，互锁在车辆上的6个月以及拆除后的6个月。时间轴跟随方法将用于在每个时期中构建饮酒驾驶实践的详细场景。这些自我报告数据将通过客观的饮酒量来增强，从头发，血液中的生物标志物以及互锁呼气测试中进行饮酒。将检查数据以确定罪犯使用的应对方法（例如，在家喝酒，而不是家里喝酒），以避免停工和这些应对机制的轨迹，从预赛前的过渡期，当参与者在正常的法律威胁条件下开车，在与参与者的互联网驾驶时，在互动的情况下，在互动中驾驶，转到6个月后，请在6个月内进行互动。了解DWI罪犯如何改变其饮酒和/或驾驶行为以启动其汽车将对治疗专家，缓刑官员， 以及与DWI罪犯打交道的互锁提供者。更重要的是，这些结果将为开发干预措施提供基础，从而扩大了在互锁互锁互锁后驾驶时采用的饮酒行为改变行为的安全益处。