POLICY AS ENVIRONMENT : LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF LAWS RESTRICTING YOUTH SUBSTANCE USE

政策即环境：限制青少年吸毒法律的长期影响

基本信息

批准号：
8586253
负责人：
Richard A Grucza
金额：
$ 28.88万
依托单位：
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2012-01-15 至 2015-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8586253
关键词：
Adolescence Adolescent Adult Affect Age Air Alcohol consumption Alcohol or Other Drugs use Alcohols Behavior Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Birth Cessation of life Data Data Set Dependence Development Disease Drug Addiction Drug usage Environment Environmental Risk Factor Epidemiology Exposure to Grant Health Heterogeneity Illicit Drugs Individual Intervention Laws Light Long-Term Effects Major Depressive Disorder Methods Minor Morbidity - disease rate Mothers National Health Interview Survey Natural experiment Outcome Patient Self-Report Pharmaceutical Preparations Policies Pregnant Women Public Health Race Respondent Risk Risk Factors Sample Size Smoker Smoking Smoking Behavior Source Substance Use Disorder Surveys System Taxes Testing Tobacco Tobacco use Victimization Violence Vital Statistics Woman Work Youth addiction adolescent substance use alcohol use disorder base binge drinking cohort drinking driving under influence high risk legal drinking age minimum drinking age modifiable risk mortality policy implication population survey prevent protective effect public health relevance sex young adult

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Early use of addictive substances is a robust predictor of subsequent substance-related problems, including dependence. However, there is debate about whether policy and other interventions aimed at curbing early use would have significant effects on the development of dependence and related health problems over the long- term. The global aim of the studies proposed here is to use historical policy changes governing the age at which youth may legally purchase alcohol or tobacco as natural experiments to test the hypothesis that adolescent exposures may have very long-term effects on substance-use problems and substance-related morbidity and mortality in adulthood. Our recent work has established that minimum legal drinking age laws (MLDAs) may influence risk for substance use disorder, even among individuals in their 30s, 40s or 50s (Norberg et al. 2009). In this project, this approach will be extended to other long-term outcomes and a similar approach will be applied to policies restricting youth access to tobacco. Analyses will use existing epidemiological data sets, often nationally representative, with sample sizes in the range of tens to hundreds of thousands, enabling the study of heterogeneity of effects by race, sex or other variables. Econometric methods will be used to control for many observed and unobserved potential confounders. When possible, consistency of results across data sets will be examined. Specific Aims include 1.) To investigate the long-term effects of MLDA policy on binge drinking, other substance use, and co-occurring conditions and behaviors in adulthood 2.) To investigate the effects of laws restricting youth access to tobacco (YATT laws) on adult smoking behavior and adult drinking and drug use. Based on our preliminary results, as a sub-aim the hypothesis that YATT laws predict reduced rates of smoking among pregnant women will be tested. 3.) To examine morbidity and mortality effects of MLDA policy. Addiction to tobacco and alcohol are among the leading public health problems both in the U.S. and globally. The work proposed here has the potential to shed light on persistent effects of modifiable environmental risk factors for problems of clear

描述（由申请人提供）：早期使用成瘾物质是后续物质相关问题（包括依赖性）的有力预测因素。然而，关于旨在遏制早期使用的政策和其他干预措施是否会对长期依赖和相关健康问题的发展产生重大影响，存在争议。这里提出的研究的全球目标是利用历史政策变化来管理青少年可以合法购买酒精或烟草的年龄，作为自然实验来检验青少年接触可能对物质使用问题和物质产生非常长期影响的假设。与成年期相关的发病率和死亡率。我们最近的工作表明，最低法定饮酒年龄法 (MLDA) 可能会影响物质使用障碍的风险，即使是 30 多岁、40 多岁或 50 多岁的人也是如此（Norberg 等人，2009 年）。在该项目中，这种方法将扩展到其他长期成果，类似的方法将应用于限制青少年接触烟草的政策。分析将使用现有的流行病学数据集，通常具有全国代表性，样本量在数万到数十万之间，从而能够研究种族、性别或其他变量影响的异质性。计量经济学方法将用于控制许多观察到和未观察到的潜在混杂因素。如果可能，将检查数据集结果的一致性。具体目标包括 1.) 调查 MLDA 政策对酗酒、其他物质使用以及成年期同时发生的状况和行为的长期影响 2.) 调查限制青少年接触烟草的法律（YATT 法律）的影响）关于成人吸烟行为以及成人饮酒和吸毒行为。根据我们的初步结果，作为一个子目标，YATT 定律预测孕妇吸烟率下降的假设将得到检验。 3.) 检查 MLDA 政策对发病率和死亡率的影响。烟酒成瘾是美国和全球主要的公共卫生问题之一。这里提出的工作有可能揭示可改变的环境风险因素对明确问题的持续影响。