Clean Indoor Air Laws, Cigarette Taxes, and Use of Smoking Cessation Treatments

清洁室内空气法、香烟税和戒烟治疗的使用

• 批准号: 9210233
• 负责人: RAMIN MOJTABAI
• 金额: $ 36.74万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-02-01 至 2020-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9210233
• 关键词: Adult; Affordable Care Act; Age; Air; American; Cessation of life; Cigarette; Counseling; County; Data; Data Sources; Electronic cigarette; Ethnic Origin; Funding; Geography; Grant; Health; Health Services Accessibility; Individual; Insurance Coverage; Intervention; Laws; Legal; Link; Longitudinal cohort; Mediating; Mediation; Medicaid; Modeling; Patients; Policies; Population; Prevalence; Race; Restaurants; Role; Services; Smoker; Smoking; Surveys; Taxes; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco use; Withholding Treatment; Workplace; cost; health service use; improved; interest; nicotine replacement; population survey; public policy on tobacco; quitline; sex; smoking cessation; tobacco control; virtual

Clean Indoor Air Laws, Cigarette Taxes, and Use of Smoking Cessation Treatments Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the U.S., and 42 million U.S. adults are smokers. While 70-85% of smokers who quit do so without treatment, studies confirm that treatment is effective and helps individuals remain abstinent. Over-the-counter and prescription treatments and counseling services are available to assist the nearly 70% of smokers who want to quit. As of 2014, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) grants many Americans greater access to cessation treatments. While this unprecedented coverage improves treatments' availability, it does not address utilization. In other words, coverage of cessation treatments will have little effect unless smokers actually use them. Yet, not much is known about what drives smokers to use these treatments. Because states and localities have limited funds to spend on tobacco control, these sub-national jurisdictions can augment their tobacco control efforts via low- cost policy changes. If policies such as clean indoor air laws and higher tobacco taxes increase smoking cessation by promoting cessation treatment use, states and localities could capitalize on the ACA's coverage of cessation treatments to increase cessation by enacting or strengthening their own policies. Virtually no studies have investigated whether state and local tobacco control policies are associated with increased use of cessation treatments. The proposed study would provide this critical information at an auspicious time, given that the ACA is dramatically increasing the availability of cessation treatment. We propose to use data on state and local tobacco control laws and data from the Current Population Survey-Tobacco Use Supplements (CPS-TUS) to determine the extent to which state and local clean indoor air laws and cigarette taxes might increase rates of cessation by promoting cessation-related health service use, and whether this differs across specific population sub-groups. We propose to: 1) examine the association of state and local clean indoor air laws and cigarette taxes with smoking cessation and treatment use in 2002/2003 and again in 2010/2011; 2) examine whether use of cessation treatment mediates the association of state and local clean indoor air laws and cigarette taxes with smoking cessation; and 3) examine differences in the association of state and local clean indoor air laws and cigarette taxes with cessation treatment use among population sub-groups using moderated mediation models. Clean indoor air laws and cigarette taxes are among a small number of low-cost, population-level interventions that may drive use of cessation treatments. For states and localities lacking clean indoor air laws or with lower cigarette taxes, findings may encourage the creation or strengthening of these laws to promote treatment use and cessation, capitalizing on the ACA's cessation treatment coverage. Findings may also encourage states with more comprehensive clean indoor air laws and higher cigarette taxes to more broadly cover cessation services under Medicaid, beyond the ACA requirements, to augment their tobacco control laws' effects.

清洁室内空气法，香烟税和使用戒烟治疗 吸烟是美国可预防死亡的主要原因，美国4200万的成年人是吸烟者。尽管 70-85％的戒烟者在未经治疗的情况下这样做，研究证实治疗是有效的，有助于 个人仍然戒酒。非处方和处方治疗和咨询服务是 可用于协助近70％的吸烟者想要戒烟。截至2014年，患者保护和 负担得起的护理法（ACA）授予许多美国人获得戒烟治疗的机会。同时 前所未有的覆盖范围可改善治疗的可用性，无法解决利用。换句话说， 除非吸烟者实际使用它们，否则戒烟治疗的覆盖范围将几乎没有影响。但是，没有什么 知道促使吸烟者使用这些治疗方法的原因。因为国家和地区的资金有限 在烟草控制上，这些次国司法管辖区可以通过低 - 成本政策变化。如果诸如清洁室内空气法和较高烟草税等政策增加 通过促进戒烟治疗使用，各州和地区可以利用戒烟，可以利用 ACA通过制定或加强自己的戒烟治疗范围来增加停止 政策。几乎没有研究调查州和地方烟草控制政策是否相关 随着停止治疗的使用增加。拟议的研究将在 鉴于ACA大大增加了戒烟治疗的可用性，因此吉祥的时间。 我们建议使用有关州和本地烟草控制法律的数据以及当前的数据 人口调查 - 托巴科使用补充剂（CPS-TU）来确定状态和 当地清洁的室内空气法和香烟税可能会通过促进来提高停止率 与戒烟相关的卫生服务的使用，以及这是否在特定的人群子组之间有所不同。 我们建议：1）检查国家和地方清洁室内空气法和香烟税与 2002/2003及2011年再次戒烟和治疗使用； 2）检查是否使用 停止处理调解了国家和地方清洁室内空气法和香烟税与 戒烟； 3）检查国家和地方清洁室内空气法的差异以及 使用调解模型在人群子组中使用戒烟治疗的卷烟税。 清洁室内空气法和香烟税是少数低成本的人口级干预措施之一 这可能会推动使用戒烟治疗。对于缺乏干净室内空气法或较低的州和地区 香烟税，调查结果可能鼓励创建或加强这些法律以促进治疗 和停止，利用ACA的停止治疗覆盖范围。调查结果也可能鼓励国家 更全面的清洁室内空气法和更高的香烟税，以涵盖停止 除了ACA要求之外，医疗补助下的服务以增强其烟草控制法律的效果。