Improving the Control of Fear: Healthy Adults to Pathological Anxiety

改善恐惧的控制：健康成年人应对病理性焦虑

基本信息

批准号：
9405940
负责人：
Joseph Edward Dunsmoor
金额：
$ 24.9万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-08-01 至 2020-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9405940
关键词：
Adult Affect American Amygdaloid structure Animals Anxiety Anxiety Disorders Attention Award Behavior Behavioral Biological Biological Models Brain Categories Clinical Clinical Research Clinical Treatment Computer Simulation Disease Effectiveness Environment Etiology Event Exhibits Extinction (Psychology)Failure Fostering Fright Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Generalized Anxiety Disorder Goals Hippocampus (Brain)Human Impairment Individual Individual Differences Investigation Knowledge Laboratory Research Learning Literature Maintenance Measures Memory Mental disorders Mentors Meta-Analysis Methods Modeling Motivation Neurosciences New York Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Panic Disorder Participant Pathological anxiety Pathology Pathway interactions Patients Phase Phobias Population Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders Prefrontal Cortex Prevalence Procedures Psychopathology Psychophysiology Recovery Regulation Relapse Research Research Proposals Retrieval Risk Scientist Severities Supervision Symptoms System Techniques Testing Texas Therapeutic Therapeutic Intervention Time Training Treatment Efficacy Universities austin base biobehavior classical conditioning clinical anxiety clinically relevant conditioned fear healthy volunteer improved innovation learning extinction memory retrieval neural correlate neurobehavioral neuroimaging neuromechanism novel prevent public health relevance relating to nervous system resilience theories tool virtual reality

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed R00 research will be conducted at the University of Texas at Austin, and is an extension of a mentored K99 research on a Pathway to Independence Award. The objective of this research is to investigate new experimental techniques to improve the control of fear directly in anxiety pathologies. Anxiety pathologies are the most common mental illness, with a 12-month prevalence estimate of about 40 million American adults. Theoretical and technical aspects of fear conditioning continue to provide a valuable model to characterize and understand the etiology, maintenance, and treatment for pathologies of fear and anxiety. An example in the treatment domain is exposure therapy, which is based on the principles of extinction. However, prominent learning theory models have long recognized the shortcomings of extinction as a therapeutic tool; extinction is a fragile form of learning that fails to generalize, and fear behaviors tend to return over time. Clinical research in the past two decades has revealed serious deficits in the ability to control fear expression following extinction across anxiety disorder categories, including posttraumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, and phobias. Laboratory research on the limits to extinction can describe why many severe fears and anxieties relapse following clinical treatment. Accordingly, there is strong motivation to develop innovative behavioral techniques to improve the control of fear so that maladaptive fears and anxieties are more responsive to treatment and less prone to relapse. Yet, systematic neurobehavioral research on novel techniques to improve the control of fear in humans has received limited attention. During the mentored phase of this award conducted at New York University, the candidate incorporated new training on theoretical, technical, and empirical aspects of fear extinction to test new behavioral techniques to improve the control of fear in healthy adults using combination functional magnetic resonance imaging and psychophysiology methods. Aim 1 looked to override maladaptive threat associations by introducing surprising, novel, non-threat associations to the participant. Aim 2 looked to promote the generalizability of extinction learning by conducting extinction under multiple different virtual reality contexts. The R00 project will carry forward this knowledge to investigate these two new experimental tasks in clinical anxiety populations characterized by the inability to control fear expression following standard extinction procedures. Research in clinical populations was fostered by new supervised training in clinical research developed during the mentored phase. The research proposed here has the potential to advance biological models of psychopathology, establish neurobehavioral risk/resilience factors for disorders of fear and anxiety, and ultimately contribute to innovative and more effective therapeutic interventions for pathological anxiety.

描述（由适用提供）：拟议的R00研究将在德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校进行，这是对独立途径奖的心理K99研究的扩展。这项研究的目的是研究新的实验技术，以直接在焦虑病理中改善恐惧的控制。焦虑病是最常见的精神疾病，大约有4000万美国成年人的12个月患病率估计。恐惧条件的理论和技术方面继续提供一个有价值的模型，以表征和理解恐惧和焦虑病理学的病因，维护和治疗。治疗领域的一个例子是暴露疗法，该治疗基于扩展原理。但是，著名的学习理论模型长期以来已经认识到扩展作为一种治疗工具的缺点。扩展是一种脆弱的学习形式，无法概括，而恐惧行为往往会随着时间的流逝而回来。在过去的二十年中，临床研究揭示了在跨焦虑症类别延伸后控制恐惧表达的能力，包括创伤后应激障碍，恐慌症和恐惧症。实验室研究扩展的限制可以描述为什么临床治疗后许多严重的恐惧和动画接力。彼此之间，有强大的动机来发展创新的行为技术来改善恐惧的控制，从而使适应不良的恐惧和动画对治疗的反应更敏感，并且不易接力。然而，对改善人类恐惧控制的新技术的系统神经行为研究受到了有限的关注。在纽约大学进行的该奖项的阶段中，该候选人对恐惧扩展的理论，技术和经验方面进行了新的培训，以测试新的行为技术，以使用组合功能磁共振成像和心理生理学方法来改善健康成年人对恐惧的控制。 AIM 1通过向参与者引入惊喜，新颖的非威胁协会来超越适应不良的威胁协会。 AIM 2希望通过在多个不同的虚拟现实环境下进行扩展来促进扩展学习的普遍性。 R00项目将推进这一知识，以调查临床动画人群中的这两个新的实验任务，其特征是无法按照标准扩展程序来控制恐惧表达。在修订阶段开发的临床研究中，新的监督培训促进了临床人群的研究。这里提出的研究有可能推进精神病理学的生物学模型，为恐惧和焦虑症建立神经行为风险/韧性因素，并最终为病理动画做出创新，更有效的治疗干预措施。