Sound Evoked Eye and Head Movements Mediated by Vestibulo-Collic and Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR, VCR) Pathways: a Physiological Basis for Noise Induced Vestibular Loss (NIVL)

前庭-结肠和前庭-眼反射 (VOR、VCR) 通路介导的声音诱发的眼睛和头部运动：噪声引起的前庭丧失 (NIVL) 的生理基础

• 批准号: 9109951
• 负责人: WILLIAM M KING
• 金额: $ 19.38万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-04-01 至 2018-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9109951
• 关键词: Ablation; Acoustics; Acute; Animal Model; Animal Testing; Animals; Area; Auditory system; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Cervical; Clinic; Clinical; Code; Complex; Comprehension; Data; Decision Making; Detection; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Digit structure; Elderly; Electrophysiology (science); Equilibrium; Evolution; Exposure to; Eye; Eye Movements; Forelimb; Functional disorder; Future; Galago Genus; Goals; Hand; Hand functions; Head; Head Movements; Hearing; Human; Individual; Lesion; Longitudinal Studies; Macaca; Mammals; Manuals; Measurable; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Monkeys; Motor; Motor Cortex; Movement; Muscle; Neck; Neurons; Noise; Occupational; Paralysed; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Pathology; Pathway interactions; Patients; Pattern; Peripheral; Physiological; Posture; Prevalence; Primates; Procedures; Process; Prosimii; Rattus; Recovery; Reflex action; Research; Risk; Role; Semicircular canal structure; Sensorineural Hearing Loss; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Stroke; Structure; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; Translating; Translational Research; Tupaiidae; Utricle structure; Vestibular loss; Veterans; Voluntary Programs; Work; base; comparative; dexterity; equilibration disorder; experience; falls; grasp; hearing impairment; human subject; innovation; insight; microstimulation; multisensory; novel; otoconia; physical model; prevent; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research clinical testing; sound; tool; vestibulo-ocular reflex

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): One of the hallmarks of human evolution is the extraordinary degree to which we can manipulate the physical world with our hands or with tools that extend or amplify portions of our forelimb and digits. This manual dexterity coevolved with an expansion of posterior parietal cortex (PPC), which contains areas involved in programming voluntary movements, coding reach targets in multiple reference frames, and decision making. To allow our body to interact with our physical surroundings, these fields must also construct an internal model of the physical self: our body's configuration, the boundary between our body and external physical objects, and the temporary expansion of that self as we wield a tool that extends our reach and manual capabilities. Such comprehension of where and what the self is and even the ability to manipulate objects and use them as tools did not evolve de novo in humans, but rather emerged from simple networks likely to be present in early mammals. The overarching goal of this proposal is to use a multileveled comparative approach to determine how simple networks associated with reaching and grasping were modified to produce the sophisticated abilities associated with the human condition. In four important animal models (rats, tree shrews, prosimian galagos, and macaque monkeys) we will use electrophysiological recording techniques, intracortical microstimulation (ICMS), and neuroanatomical tracing techniques to define homologous areas in PPC. We, and others, have proposed that PPC generates movements guided by the integration of multisensory inputs occurring in PPC. During movements, neurons in motor areas and movement-specific domains of PPC coordinate their activity to generate unique sequences of body, forelimb and hand postures necessary for context-dependent target acquisition and other movements. This hypothesis will be tested in two ways: (1) We will reversibly deactivate motor (M1) cortex in macaque monkeys and rats and examine the effects on movement domains elicited by ICMS in PPC, and (2) We will reversibly deactivate M1 and cortical areas in PPC in macaque monkeys during a natural, bimanual target acquisition task to reveal how these cortical areas work together to generate accurate and contextually appropriate reaching and grasping. By combining connectional, functional, and behavioral data from multiple species, these studies will provide a rich understanding of the role of these complex brain networks in the planning and execution of movement.

 描述（由申请人提供）：人类进化的标志之一是我们可以用我们的手或用延伸或放大我们的前肢和手指的部分的工具来操纵物理世界，这种手的灵活性是与扩展共同进化的。后顶叶皮层 (PPC) 包含参与自主运动编程、在多个参考系中编码到达目标以及决策的区域。领域还必须构建物理自我的内部模型：我们的身体配置、我们的身体与外部物理对象之间的边界，以及当我们使用扩展我们的触及范围和手动能力的工具时自我的暂时扩展。自我是什么，甚至操纵物体并将其用作工具的能力并不是人类从头开始进化的，而是从早期哺乳动物中可能存在的简单网络中产生的。该提议的总体目标是使用多层次的网络。比较方法来确定简单网络与到达程度的关联程度在四种重要的动物模型（大鼠、树鼩、原猴和猕猴）中，我们将使用电生理记录技术、皮质内微刺激（ICMS）和神经解剖学追踪技术。定义 PPC 中的同源区域。我们和其他人提出，PPC 在运动过程中由运动区域的神经元和 PPC 中发生的多感觉输入的整合来产生运动。 PPC 的运动特定域协调其活动，以生成上下文相关的目标获取和其他运动所需的独特的身体、前肢和手部姿势序列。该假设将以两种方式进行测试：（1）我们将可逆地停用运动（M1）。 ) 猕猴和大鼠的皮层，并检查 PPC 中 ICMS 对运动域的影响，以及 (2) 我们将在自然、通过结合来自多个物种的连接、功能和行为数据，这些研究将提供对这些复杂大脑网络的作用的丰富理解。在运动的计划和执行中。