Behavior Science Core

行为科学核心

• 批准号: 9318306
• 负责人: KEITH J. SLIFER
• 金额: $ 11.02万
• 依托单位: HUGO W. MOSER RES INST KENNEDY KRIEGER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9318306
• 关键词: Address; Adherence; Anatomy; Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral; Brain; Characteristics; Child; Cognition; Cognitive; Data; Development; Diagnosis; Discipline; Disease; Ensure; Equipment Design; Genetic; Human; Individual; Institutes; Intervention; Learning; Measures; Medical; Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Centers; Methods; Motion; Motor; Movement; Music; Neuropsychology; Oral; Outcome Measure; Participant; Performance; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacotherapy; Phase; Population; Procedures; Process; Protocols documentation; Psychological reinforcement; Psychology; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Role playing therapy; Science; Scientist; Shapes; Stimulus; Structure; Syndrome; System; Task Performances; Techniques; Testing; Training; Work; base; behavior measurement; behavioral response; conditioning; design; environmental intervention; experience; human subject; investigator training; neuroimaging; psychologic; respiratory; response; success

The Behavior Science Core includes facilities and expertise from complementary disciplines at the Kennedy Krieger Institute (KKI): Behavioral Psychology. Neuropsychology, and Motion Analysis. The Behavior Science Core integrates the combined experience and expertise of these three major resources. The scientists who utilize the Core work in various disciplines but share a broad focus on research relevant to the effects of various factors that influence CNS development and functioning. In all of these studies, the objectives of the investigators are dependent on Behavior Science methods for objectively measuring specific aspects of performance or behavior. The Behavior Science Core supports these projects by guiding selection of appropriate measures, training participants to cooperate with testing, assessment and protocol-based intervention procedures. The Core helps ensure that the methods being employed are appropriate for addressing project hypotheses as well as for use with the population under study, and that they are implemented according to best practices. The specific objectives of Core F are to: 1 )Enhance the integrity of the independent variable in research involving human subjects (especially children and youth) where cooperation (compliance, adherence) represents a serious confound or barrier to the fidelity with which the research protocol can be implemented; and, 2) Expand the range and type of dependent variables available to investigators by providing access to state-of-the-science methods to: (a) objectively quantify behavioral dependent variables, especially those specific to IDD; (b) identify, track and compare cognitive, behavioral and developmental characteristics of individuals with genetic and/or medical disorders, syndromes or diagnoses, (c) track participants' behavioral responses as outcome measures to document response to intervention approaches, and (d) relate these measurements of behavior, cognition, and motor function to brain structure and function. The first objective is achieved by behavioral techniques involving antecedent stimulus control procedures (e.g., role playing, re-design of equipment behavioral exposure therapy, counter-conditioning) and contingency-based shaping procedures (differential reinforcement with music, video, token or point systems, etc.). The second objective is achieved by the proper selection and use of: a) systematic behavioral, neuropsychological and motor function assessment procedures, b) direct observation techniques typically employed in behavior analytic research, c) specific performance tasks designed to assess behavioral, psychological (e.g., cognition, learning) and human motion variables, and d) systematically relating these behavioral data to neuroimaging results reflecting brain anatomy and function. The process by which the Core objectives are achieved involves three phases: (a) development and selection of appropriate methods, (b) pilot testing, redesign, refinement, and initial implementation by Core staff to demonstrate feasibility (when previous relevant experience is limited), and, (c) training investigators' staff to implement the protocols and methods developed and to incorporate them as a standard component of their research protocols. For those projects where the science has advanced to the point of testing interventions aimed at ameliorating the effects of CNS insult on development and functioning, the intervention typically requires training participants to cooperate with medical interventions (oral medication, respiratory support, pharmacotherapy, etc.). To ensure the success of these studies, the Core assists investigators with developing environmental and behavioral interventions to increase participant adherence to the medical protocol. Finally, in order to validate the benefits of the investigators' intervention protocols, repeated assessment with developmental, behavioral, neuropsychological, and/or movement measures must be conducted. The Behavior Science Core collaborates in selecting or developing these procedures, as well as in the analysis and interpretation of the resulting data.

行为科学核心包括肯尼迪补充学科的设施和专业知识 克里格研究所（KKI）：行为心理学。神经心理学和运动分析。行为科学 Core整合了这三个主要资源的综合经验和专业知识。科学家谁 利用各种学科的核心工作，但对与与影响的影响有关 影响中枢神经系统开发和功能的各种因素。在所有这些研究中， 研究人员取决于行为科学方法，用于客观地衡量的特定方面 性能或行为。行为科学核心通过指导选择来支持这些项目 适当的措施，培训参与者与测试，评估和基于协议的合作 干预程序。核心有助于确保所采用的方法适合 解决项目假设以及与正在研究的人群一起使用的问题，并且 根据最佳实践实施。核心F的具体目标是：1）增强的完整性 涉及人类受试者（尤其是儿童和青少年）的研究中的独立变量 合作（合规性，遵守）代表了对忠诚的严重混乱或障碍 可以实施研究协议； 2）扩展可用的因变量的范围和类型 调查人员通过提供对科学方法的访问来：（a）客观地量化行为 因变量，尤其是特定于IDD的变量； （b）识别，跟踪和比较认知，行为和 遗传和/或医学疾病，综合征或诊断的个体的发育特征， （c）跟踪参与者的行为反应作为记录干预反应的结果措施 方法，（d）将这些行为，认知和运动功能的测量与大脑结构相关联 和功能。 The first objective is achieved by behavioral techniques involving antecedent stimulus control procedures (e.g., 角色扮演，重新设计设备行为暴露疗法，反调节）和基于应急的 整形程序（通过音乐，视频，令牌或点系统等进行差异加固）。这 第二个目标是通过适当的选择和使用来实现的：a）系统的行为，神经心理学 和运动功能评估程序，b）行为通常采用的直接观察技术 分析研究，c）旨在评估行为，心理学的特定绩效任务（例如，认知， 学习）和人类运动变量，d）系统地将这些行为数据与神经影像联系起来 结果反映了大脑解剖结构和功能。 实现核心目标的过程涉及三个阶段：（a）开发和选择 通过适当的方法，（b）核心人员的试点测试，重新设计，改进和初步实施 证明可行性（如果以前的相关经验有限），以及（c）培训调查人员的工作人员 实施开发的协议和方法，并将它们合并为其标准组成部分 研究方案。 对于那些科学发展到旨在改善干预措施的项目 中枢神经系统侮辱对开发和功能的影响，干预通常需要培训 参与者与医疗干预措施合作（口服药物，呼吸支持，药物治疗， ETC。）。为了确保这些研究的成功，核心协助研究人员开发环境 和行为干预措施，以增加参与者遵守医疗方案。最后，为了 验证研究人员干预方案的好处，通过发育重复评估， 必须采取行为，神经心理学和/或运动措施。行为科学核心 合作选择或制定这些程序，以及分析和解释 结果数据。