Investigation of Cerebellar Involvement in Cognitive Function

小脑参与认知功能的研究

• 批准号: 9225061
• 负责人: JOHN E DESMOND
• 金额: $ 49.95万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-04-22 至 2020-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9225061
• 关键词: Address; Anatomy; Appearance; Articulation; Biological Models; Brain; Broca' s area; Cerebellum; Cognition; Cognitive; Cognitive deficits; Consensus; Detection; Equilibrium; Error Sources; Eye; Eye Movements; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Goals; Inferior; Investigation; Left; Letters; Linguistics; Link; Maintenance; Methods; Mind; Modeling; Motor; Movement; Muscle; Nature; Neuropsychology; Parietal; Patients; Pattern; Phase; Planning Theory; Process; Protocols documentation; Publications; Publishing; Research; Research Personnel; Retrieval; Sensory; Short-Term Memory; Site; Source; Stimulus; Structure; System; Testing; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; base; cognitive control; cognitive function; cognitive system; cognitive task; design; executive function; experimental study; finger movement; frontal lobe; insight; interest; motor control; neocortical; neuroimaging; novel; number theory; operation; phonology; public health relevance; rehabilitation strategy; rehearsal; response; sensory feedback; theories

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall goal of this research is to investigate the nature of cerebellar involvement in cognitive function, using functional MRI (fMRI), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and concurrent TMS/fMRI. Cerebellar activation has been found in a wide variety of cognitive tasks, including verbal fluency, conceptual reasoning, planning, and theory of mind. Although a number of theories of cerebellar involvement in cognition have been proposed, there is no consensus to date on a specific operation that is provided by the cerebellum that contributes to cognitive function. In addition some cerebellar researchers question whether cognitive-related cerebellar activations are contaminated by incidental motor movements, e.g., movements of the eyes, or movements of articulation. In this project we address these issues using verbal working memory, which reliably and robustly elicits cerebellar activation, as a model cognitive system. Verbal working memory is a fundamental cognitive function with a strong theoretical framework. We propose that the cerebellum can be integrated into this framework: Our studies to date have supported a cerebro-cerebellar verbal working memory model that emphasizes a functional link between neocortical articulatory control regions, such as premotor cortex/Broca's Area, to the superior cerebellum, and a second network that links neocortical substrates of phonological storage, located in inferior parietal regions, to the inferior cerebellum. Our first specific aim is to test these circuitry assumptions using novel concurrent TMS/fMRI investigations that employ our newly developed and published methods for precisely identifying in the scanner the stimulation site and TMS trajectory in the brain. Our second specific aim is to assess the contribution of incidental motor function to cerebellar activation during verbal working memory by systematically varying the eye movement, articulatory movement, and finger movement requirements during verbal working memory to determine if these motor functions can explain working memory-load-dependent activations in the cerebellum. Our third aim is to evaluate alternative theoretical explanations of the fundamental computation underlying cerebellar cognitive activations, using verbal working memory as our model system. Our verbal working memory protocol, the Sternberg Task, contains a number of components that have been theorized by different researchers to be fundamental to cerebellar function. These components include sensory acquisition, timing, sequence deviation detection, and forward modeling/error correction. The experiments in this project will examine the contribution of these different components to verbal working memory elicited cerebellar activations. The impact of this project is that the results will help us understand the fundamental functions(s) that the cerebellum provides in cognition. This understanding is essential for interpreting both the numerous functional neuroimaging studies that show cerebellar activation in well controlled cognitive tasks, as well as the patterns of cognitive deficits observed in cerebellar patients.

 描述（由适用提供）：这项研究的总体目标是使用功能性MRI（FMRI），经颅磁刺激（TMS）和并发TMS/FMRI研究小脑参与认知功能的性质。在各种认知任务中发现了小脑激活，包括口头流利，概念推理，计划和心理理论。尽管已经提出了许多小脑参与认知的理论，但迄今为止，在小脑提供的特定操作上尚无共识，这有助于认知功能。此外，一些小脑研究人员质疑与认知相关的小脑激活是否受到偶然运动运动的污染，例如眼睛的运动或关节的运动。在这个项目中，我们使用口头工作记忆来解决这些问题，这些记忆可靠，稳健地引起小脑激活，作为模型认知系统。口头工作记忆是具有强大理论框架的基本认知功能。 We propose that the cerebellum can be integrated into this framework: Our studies to date have supported a cerebro-cerebellar verbal working memory model that emphasizes a functional link between neocortical articulatory control regions, such as premotor cortex/Broca's Area, to the superior cerebellum, and a second network that links neocortical substrates of Phonological storage, located in inferior parietal regions, to the小脑下等。我们的第一个具体目的是使用新型的并发TMS/fMRI研究测试这些电路假设，这些调查采用了我们新开发和发表的方法来精确识别大脑中的刺激位点和TMS轨迹。我们的第二个具体目的是通过系统地改变眼睛运动，关节运动和手指运动需求来评估偶然运动功能对言语工作记忆过程中小脑激活的贡献，以确定这些运动功能是否可以解释小脑中的工作记忆负载依赖性依赖性依赖性依赖性。我们的第三个目标是评估替代的理论解释 小脑认知激活的基本计算，使用语言工作记忆作为我们的模型系统。我们的口头工作记忆协议，Sternberg任务，包含许多由不同研究人员理论上的组件，这些组件是小脑功能至关重要的。这些组件包括感觉习得，时机，序列出发检测以及正向建模/误差校正。该项目的实验将研究这些不同组成部分对口头工作记忆的贡献引起小脑活化。该项目的影响是结果将有助于我们了解小脑在认知中提供的基本功能。这种理解对于解释众多功能性神经影像学研究至关重要，该研究表明，在良好控制的认知任务中，小脑激活以及认知模式定义了小脑患者观察到的。