Do individual differences in face recognition predict perceptual expertise

人脸识别的个体差异是否可以预测感知能力

• 批准号: 8583573
• 负责人: ISABEL GAUTHIER
• 金额: $ 23.4万
• 依托单位: VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-03 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8583573
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Aptitude; Behavioral; Behavioral Genetics; Brain; Categories; Cognitive; Collection; Development; Diagnosis; Disease; Etiology; Face; Face Processing; Factor Analysis; Genetic; Goals; Individual Differences; Individuation; Inherited; Laboratories; Learning; Light; Link; Measures; Mediating; Medical; Methods; Modeling; Nature; Participant; Perception; Performance; Population; Prevalence; Process; Research; Schizophrenia; Specific qualifier value; Structural Models; Symptoms; Testing; Training; Vision; Visual; Work; autism spectrum disorder; base; developmental prosopagnosia; experience; neuromechanism; novel; object recognition; public health relevance; response; skills; theories; trait

PROJECT SUMMARY The long-term goal of this line of research is to understand individual differences in our ability to recognize faces and objects. Prior research has suggested a genetic basis for individual differences in face recognition that is independent from our ability to recognize objects. However, evidence suggests that the ability to recognize objects is well measured by existing methods, and that the relationship between face and object recognition is mediated by experience with objects. In particular, this research seeks to investigate a possible link between the ability to recognize faces and the ability to individuate visually similar non-face objects, given a controlled amount of experience. This relationship is postulated on the basis of prior findings revealing that when people acquire experience individuating objects, they process them as wholes, or holistically, rather than as a collection of parts, and such holistic processing is known to be hallmark of face processing. We will seek evidence for an underlying domain-general ability that supports individuation of visually similar objects for which one has experience, by testing a model in which this ability is expressed across different measures of individuation and across different object categories (Aim 1). During training, participants will learn to individuate visually similar objects within each of four visually distinct categories. Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) we will specify and test two alternative models specifying that a superordinate and/or broad factor of individuation ability can be identified that accounts for substantial variance in performance across tasks and categories. Using the best-fitting model from step 1, we will then test whether individuating objects and recognizing faces are related abilities (Aim 2) by conducting a second CFA that links measures of face and object recognition. Understanding the nature of the abilities that are linked to object and face recognition will facilitate prediction in a number of domains where skilled perception is important, including medical diagnosis. It will further our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and neural substrates underlying these abilities and should also facilitate behavioral genetic studies of high-level vision, contributing to our understanding of a hereditary form of a visual face recognition deficit, developmental prosopagnosia, with a prevalence in the normal population estimated by one study to be as high as 2.5%.

项目概要 这一系列研究的长期目标是了解我们识别能力的个体差异 面孔和物体。先前的研究表明面部识别的个体差异存在遗传基础 这与我们识别物体的能力无关。然而，有证据表明，有能力 现有方法可以很好地测量识别物体，并且人脸和物体之间的关系 识别是通过对物体的经验来调节的。特别是，本研究旨在调查一种可能的 识别面部的能力与区分视觉上相似的非面部物体的能力之间的联系，给定 受控的经验量。这种关系是根据先前的发现假设的，这些发现表明 当人们获得将物体个体化的经验时，他们会将它们作为整体或整体来处理，而不是 作为零件的集合，这种整体处理被认为是面部处理的标志。我们将寻求 潜在领域通用能力的证据，支持视觉上相似的对象的个性化 哪个人有经验，通过测试一个模型，在该模型中，这种能力通过不同的衡量标准来表达 个性化和跨不同对象类别（目标 1）。在培训期间，参与者将学习如何个性化 四个视觉上不同的类别中每一个类别中视觉上相似的对象。使用验证性因素分析 (CFA) 我们将指定并测试两个替代模型，指定一个上级和/或广泛的因素 可以确定个性化能力，它可以解释任务和绩效之间的巨大差异 类别。使用步骤 1 中的最佳拟合模型，我们将测试是否个体化对象和 通过进行第二次 CFA 将面部测量与面部识别联系起来，识别面部是相关能力（目标 2） 物体识别。了解与物体和面部识别相关的能力的本质将有助于 促进许多领域的预测，其中熟练的感知很重要，包括医学诊断。 它将进一步我们对这些能力背后的机制和神经基质的理解 还应该促进高水平视觉的行为遗传学研究，有助于我们理解 遗传性面部视觉识别缺陷，即发育性面容失认症，常见于 一项研究估计，正常人群中这一比例高达 2.5%。

项目成果

Individual differences in object recognition.

物体识别的个体差异。

• 发表时间: 2019-03
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Richler, Jennifer J;Tomarken, Andrew J;Sunday, Mackenzie A;Vickery, Timothy J;Ryan, Kaitlin F;Floyd, R Jackie;Sheinberg, David;Wong, Alan C;Gauthier, Isabel
• 通讯作者: Gauthier, Isabel