Development of Face Perception: Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Investigations

面部感知的发展：横断面和纵向研究

基本信息

批准号：
8532905
负责人：
Kalanit Grill-Spector
金额：
$ 49.53万
依托单位：
STANFORD UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2012-09-01 至 2017-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8532905
关键词：
11 year old 16 year old 7 year old Address Adolescence Adolescent Adult Affect Age Anterior Appearance Autistic Disorder Behavioral Brain Categories Child Childhood Clinical Data Development Diagnostic Discrimination Disease Elderly Emotional Eye Face Face Processing Foundations Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Health Human Image Individual Investigation Knowledge Lead Link Longitudinal Studies Measurement Methods Mission National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Pathway interactions Performance Process Property Prosopagnosia Published Comment Relative (related person)Research Role Shapes Social Development Structure Teenagers Temporal Lobe Testing Time Vision Visual Visual system structure Williams Syndrome age related base developmental disease experience face perception frontal lobe improved innovation memory recognition neurodevelopment neuroimaging neuromechanism novel relating to nervous system response sample fixation segregation social vision development white matter

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Humans are born with a propensity to look at faces, yet face recognition undergoes a surprisingly prolonged development into the late teens. Likewise, neuroimaging studies discovered prolonged development of face- selective regions in ventral temporal cortex (VTC) during childhood and into the teens involving age-related increases in face selectivity. Understanding the neural substrates of the development of face recognition is important because of the significance of face procesing in children's visual, social and emotional development, and is a prerequisite for understanding clinical conditions involving atypical face processing. However, it remains unknown how face selectivity develops, or how neural developments in VTC lead to better face recognition. We propose to elucidate the functional and structural brain mechanisms that underlie the development of face recognition abilities, using cutting-edge neuroimaging and behavioral methods acquiring multimodal data in the same subjects, cross-sectionally and longitudinally. In Aim 1 we will determine the factors that drive the development of face selectivity in VTC and examine the relationship between structural and functional developments. Thus, we will acquire behavioral, anatomical and functional data in each subject comparing data across young children (5-7 year olds, yo), children (9-11yo), and adults (23-25 yo) cross- sectionally and follow these developments longitudinally to determine: (1) what is the role of recent and cumulative experience in shaping face selectivity, (2) if viewing faces with central vision drives the development of face selectiviy, (3) if development of white matter structures is linked to development of face selectivity in VTC and (4) what is the reliability, sequence and longitudinal trajectory of the development of face selectivity, eccentricity bias and white matter structures in VTC. Longitudinal measurements wil provide unprecedented spatial and temporal precision revealing the casade of developments asociated with the emergence of cortical selectivity. In Aim 2 we will determine how neural developments lead to better face recognition. Proficient face recognition requires fine discrimination among similar faces and identification of specific faces across their many possible appearances. However, the neural mechanisms that underlie the development of these two key processes are unknown. Thus, using cross-sectional measurements of performance and brain responses in children (7-11 yo), adolescents (12-16 yo) and adults (24-28 yo) we will determine (1) if developmental changes in neural tuning to face identity and view lead to beter face discrimination and (2) if developmental increases in specialization to faces in VTC lead to beter face identification. We expect these studies to significantly advance our knowledge of the neural mechanisms that underlie the development of cortical selectivity to faces and improvements in face recognition, as well as progress our understanding of the neural mechanisms of long-term cortical plasticity.

描述（由申请人提供）：人类生来就有看脸的倾向，但人脸识别的发展却令人惊讶地持续到十几岁。同样，神经影像学研究发现，腹侧颞叶皮层（VTC）的面部选择性区域在儿童期和青少年时期持续发育，涉及与年龄相关的面部选择性增加。了解面部识别发展的神经基础非常重要，因为面部处理在儿童视觉、社交方面具有重要意义。和情绪发展，并且是了解涉及非典型面部处理的临床状况的先决条件。然而，我们仍然不清楚面部选择性是如何发展的，或者 VTC 中的神经发展如何导致更好的面部识别。我们建议利用尖端的神经成像和行为方法获取同一受试者的横向和纵向多模态数据，阐明面部识别能力发展背后的功能和结构性大脑机制。在目标 1 中，我们将确定驱动 VTC 面部选择性发展的因素，并检查结构和功能发展之间的关系。因此，我们将获取每个受试者的行为、解剖和功能数据，比较幼儿（5-7 岁）、儿童（9-11 岁）和成人（23-25 岁）的横断面数据，并遵循这些数据纵向发展以确定：（1）最近和累积的经验在塑造面部选择性方面的作用是什么，（2）用中心视觉观察面部是否会驱动面部选择性的发展，（3）白质结构的发展是否与发展(4) VTC 中面部选择性、偏心偏差和白质结构发展的可靠性、顺序和纵向轨迹是什么。纵向测量将提供前所未有的空间和时间精度，揭示与皮质选择性出现相关的一系列发展。在目标 2 中，我们将确定神经发育如何实现更好的人脸识别。熟练的人脸识别需要对相似的人脸进行精细区分，并在许多可能的外观中识别特定的人脸。然而，这两个关键过程发展背后的神经机制尚不清楚。因此，通过对儿童（7-11岁）、青少年（12-16岁）和成人（24-28岁）的表现和大脑反应进行横断面测量，我们将确定（1）神经调节的发育变化是否会面临身份和观点会导致更好的面部识别能力；(2) VTC 中面部专业化的发展增加是否会导致更好的面部识别能力。我们期望这些研究能够显着增进我们对皮层对面部选择性发展和面部识别改进的神经机制的了解，并增进我们对长期皮层可塑性神经机制的理解。