Morphological homeostasis and adaptation in the Drosophila visual system

果蝇视觉系统的形态稳态和适应

• 批准号: 8456581
• 负责人: Erin L Barnhart
• 金额: $ 5.22万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-04-01 至 2016-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8456581
• 关键词: Actins; Address; Adult; Affect; Animal Behavior; Animals; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Assay; Biological Models; Blindness; Cell Shape; Cell membrane; Cells; Cellular Morphology; Cytoskeletal Filaments; Data; Dendrites; Development; Disease; Drosophila genus; Drosophila melanogaster; Elements; Environment; Exhibits; Ganglia; Genetic; Goals; Homeostasis; Human; Image; Imaging Techniques; Investigation; Label; Learning; Light; Link; Maintenance; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Membrane; Memory; Metric; Mitochondria; Molecular; Molecular Models; Monitor; Morphology; Motion; Nerve Degeneration; Neurons; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Organelles; Organism; Output; Pattern; Photoreceptors; Physiological; Plastics; Property; Proteins; Recycling; Retina; Role; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Stereotyping; Synapses; Synaptic Vesicles; System; Time; Vision; Visual; Visual system structure; age related; calcium indicator; cell type; experience; fly; in vivo; molecular modeling; motivated behavior; mutant; neural circuit; public health relevance; receptive field; relating to nervous system; research study; retinotopic; self organization; tool; two-photon; visual information; visual process; visual processing; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The maintenance of stable neuron morphologies and connectivity patterns is crucial for maintaining proper neural circuit function. This is particulary relevant for neurons in the visual system, which are highly dynamic and yet maintain stable connectivity patterns that allow visual information collected by photoreceptors in the retina to be reliably transmitted to subsequent visual ganglia by retinotopic mapping. However, the physiological mechanisms that control long-term morphological homeostasis in the visual system are almost completely mysterious. The highly-stereotyped visual system of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, provides an excellent system for dissecting the molecular and cellular mechanisms that control the activity-dependent maintenance and adaptation of neuron morphology. Moreover, powerful genetic tools, sophisticated behavioral assays, and well-established in vivo imaging techniques make Drosophila ideal not only for investigating the mechanisms that control neuron morphological homeostasis, but also for studying the manner in which morphological adaptations contribute to neural circuit activity and visually-motivated fly behaviors. This proposal will address these questions by correlating quantitative measurements of neuron morphology with measurements of sub- cellular molecular localization patterns, as well as measurements of large-scale neural activity patterns and fly behaviors. In addition, the morphological and behavioral consequences of photoreceptor activity perturbations, as well as the effects of direct perturbations of molecular activities and localization patterns, will be assessed. These experiments will provide a molecular framework for understanding the activity-dependent mechanisms that control morphological homeostasis and adaptation in the Drosophila visual system. Moreover, this proposal will begin to elucidate the relationship between neural form and function, linking cellular mechanisms to large-scale animal behavior.

描述（由申请人提供）：维持稳定的神经元形态和连接模式对于维持适当的神经回路功能至关重要。这对于视觉系统中的神经元尤其重要，这些神经元具有高度动态性，但仍保持稳定的连接模式，使视网膜中的光感受器收集的视觉信息能够被 通过视网膜专题图可靠地传输到随后的视觉神经节。然而，控制视觉系统长期形态稳态的生理机制几乎是完全神秘的。果蝇的高度定型视觉系统为剖析控制神经元形态的活动依赖性维持和适应的分子和细胞机制提供了一个极好的系统。此外，强大的遗传工具、复杂的行为分析和完善的体内成像技术使果蝇不仅成为研究控制神经元形态稳态的机制的理想选择，而且也成为研究形态适应对神经回路活动和视觉影响的方式的理想选择。 -有动机的苍蝇行为。该提案将通过将神经元形态的定量测量与亚细胞分子定位模式的测量以及大规模神经活动模式和苍蝇行为的测量相关联来解决这些问题。此外，还将评估光感受器活动扰动的形态和行为后果，以及分子活动和定位模式的直接扰动的影响。这些实验将为理解果蝇视觉系统中控制形态稳态和适应的活动依赖性机制提供分子框架。此外，该提案将开始阐明神经形式和功能之间的关系，将细胞机制与大规模动物行为联系起来。