Design, evaluation, and validation of a next-generation inhalable aerosol sampler

下一代吸入气溶胶采样器的设计、评估和验证

• 批准号: 8343975
• 负责人: Theresa Renee Anthony
• 金额: $ 44.12万
• 依托单位: COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-07-01 至 2016-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8343975
• 关键词: Design; evaluation; validation; next; generation

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This work proposes to develop and test the performance of a low-cost, easy to use, disposable sampler to measure personal exposures to inhalable aerosols in the workplace. To improve the likelihood of future adoption by exposure assessors, the sampler will incorporate a redesign of the inlet cap of the 37-mm sampling cassette, the most commonly used particle sampler in the U.S. The sampler inlet will be designed to sample large particles with efficiency to match the international performance criterion for inhalable aerosol sampling. As such, the sampler will capture particles with the same efficiency as a worker's mouth and nose. This research will: (a) use computational fluid dynamics modeling tools to investigate how inlet geometries affect sampling efficiency, to optimize the sampler inlet, and to estimate an orientation-averaged sampling efficiency for the prototype sampler(s) to compare to the inhalable criterion; (b) investigate the sampling efficiency of the prototype sampler in a low-velocity wind tunnel and a calm-air chamber to quantify accuracy, precision, linearity, and internal losses, in controlled environments; and (c) field test and validate the sampler performance in three manufacturing settings and compare the sampling efficiencies to existing devices. Within the third aim, one of the worksites will examine both exposure and indicators of respiratory inflammation in the workers to examine whether exposures measured with the new inhalable sampler improve the measurements of association of health outcomes. This project addresses multiple NORA sectors (construction, manufacturing, refining, mining, and agriculture) as well as NORA Exposure Assessment cross-sector goals, including developing/improving methods to assess worker exposures to critical occupational agents and validation of these methods to provide and characterize their performance. The long-term outcome of this project includes the advancement of tools to improve exposure assessment evaluations. By increasing the adoption of physiologically-relevant exposure assessment tools, data-driven risk-based exposure limits for hazardous aerosols can be improved to protect worker health. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project will develop a low-cost, easy to use, disposable particle sampler that estimates how much dust is inhaled by a worker. This sampler will advance our understanding of biologically-relevant exposures and improve our ability to understand the risk of disease that results from occupational dust exposures. This information will empower decisions that can reduce exposures and prevent occupationally-related illness.

描述（由申请人提供）：这项工作建议开发和测试低成本，易于使用的一次性采样器的性能，以测量工作场所中吸入的气溶胶的个人暴露。为了提高暴露评估者未来采用的可能性，采样器将重新设计37毫米采样盒的入口帽，这是美国最常用的粒子采样器，采样器入口将设计用于采样大型粒子，以效率进行效率，以匹配国际绩效标准，以符合无与伦比的气动溶液采样。因此，采样器将捕获与工人的嘴和鼻子相同效率的颗粒。这项研究将：（a）使用计算流体动力学建模工具来研究入口几何形状如何影响采样效率，优化采样器入口，并估计原型采样器的方向平均采样效率，以相比可与不足的标准相比； （b）研究原型采样器在低速风洞和平静空气室中的采样效率，以量化受控环境中的精度，精度，线性和内部损失； （c）现场测试并验证三个制造设置中的采样器性能，并将采样效率与现有设备进行比较。在第三个目标中，其中一个工作人员将检查工人中呼吸道炎症的暴露和指标，以检查使用新的吸入采样器测量的暴露是否改善了健康结果关联的测量。该项目涉及多个NORA部门（建筑，制造，炼油，采矿和农业）以及NORA暴露评估跨部门目标，包括开发/改进方法来评估工人对关键职业代理商的接触以及对这些方法的验证以提供和表征其绩效。该项目的长期结果包括改进改善暴露评估评估的工具。通过增加与生理相关的暴露评估工具的采用，可以改善基于数据驱动的风险风险的暴露限制，以保护工人健康。 公共卫生相关性：该项目将开发出低成本，易于使用的一次性粒子采样器，以估计工人吸入多少灰尘。该采样器将提高我们对与生物学相关的暴露的理解，并提高我们了解由职业粉尘暴露导致疾病风险的能力。这些信息将赋予可以减少暴露并防止职业相关疾病的决策。