Inmates' Community Connectedness: Effect on Drug Use, Recidivism, and Adjustment

囚犯的社区联系：对吸毒、累犯和适应的影响

• 批准号: 9054663
• 负责人: Johanna Bailey Folk
• 金额: $ 3.28万
• 依托单位: GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-04-13 至 2018-04-12
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9054663
• 关键词: Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Attenuated; Communities; Community Integration; Crime; Criminal Justice; Drug usage; Economics; Educational workshop; Employment; Family; Feeling; Friends; Gold; Health; Imprisonment; Individual; Intervention; Jail; Justice; Learning; Life; Literature; Longitudinal Studies; Mediating; Mental Health; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Parents; Personal Satisfaction; Positioning Attribute; Prisoner; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Risk; Services; Societies; Staging; Substance Addiction; Symptoms; System; Testing; Time; Violence; anti social; antisocial behavior; base; experience; improved; novel; offender; programs; psychologic; psychopathic personality; recidivism; reduced substance abuse; response; social; treatment group

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Release from jail marks a key transition in the life of the inmate. On the one hand, the days, months, and years ahead represent the promise of a fresh start, the possibility of the gold-standard outcome of incarceration: rehabilitation. On the other hand, it also marks the threat of tremendous psychological, relational, and economic challenge as one seeks to re-integrate into the community, not to mention the statistical likelihood of recidivism. Practitioners and scholars alike have long-sought to explain who thrives and who recidivates after release from jail, noting that a predictive window on the matter could give way to possible interventions aimed at improving individual, familial, and community well-being. The proposed project aims to examine community connectedness as one such explanatory variable. Does the extent to which incarcerated offenders, on the brink of release from jail, feel connected to two distinct communities-the community at large and the criminal community-predict both desirable and undesirable outcomes in the years following release? In addition, how do feelings of connectedness to each community change over time? Lastly, can community connectedness be effectively targeted by an existing restorative justice based victim impact intervention? These questions are at the center of the proposed analyses. This project will draw upon two existing longitudinal studies of jail inmates (n = 508, and n = 222). Inmates' connectedness to the community at large and the criminal community is assessed shortly after their arrival in jail, prior to release, and up to four years post-release. First, pre-release community connectedness will be used to predict functioning (e.g., substance dependence, employment) up to four years after release. Next, normative and individual level changes in feelings of connectedness to the community at large and the criminal community will be analyzed to better understand the malleability of community connectedness. Individual factors such as participation in group-based interventions (e.g., 12-step programs) during incarceration and returning to neighborhoods with high contextual risk (e.g., violence) are expected to contribute to individual changes in community connectedness. Lastly, changes in feelings of connectedness to the community at large and the criminal community will be examined in response to an existing restorative justice based Impact of Crime (IOC) intervention in a local jail. Specifically, this project will test the hypothesis that the IOC intervention results in posiive post-release adjustment (e.g., community functioning) due to changes in feelings of connectedness to the community at large and the criminal community. Factors such as substance dependence and psychopathy will be explored as moderators of this relationship. Ultimately, these findings will fill a substantial gap in the scientific literature on community connectedness among offenders and can inform correctional treatment and reentry services aimed at decreasing antisocial behavior and increasing adaptive functioning in the community.

描述（由申请人提供）：从监狱中释放标志着囚犯生命中的关键过渡。一方面，即将到来的日子，几个月和几年代表了重新开始的承诺，被监禁的金牌标准结果的可能性：康复。另一方面，这也标志着人们试图重新融入社区的巨大心理，关系和经济挑战的威胁，更不用说累犯的统计可能性了。从业人员和学者长期以来一直在解释从监狱释放后谁蓬勃发展，谁累积了谁，并指出有关此事的预测窗口可以让位于旨在改善个人，家庭和社区福祉的可能干预措施。拟议的项目旨在将社区的联系视为这样的解释性变量。在从监狱中释放的边缘，被监禁的罪犯的程度是否与两个不同的社区联系在一起 - 整个社区，在发布后的几年中，犯罪社区预测的犯罪社区预测既是理想的和不受欢迎的结果？此外，随着时间的流逝，与每个社区的联系的感觉如何变化？最后，现有基于司法的受害者影响干预措施有效地针对社区联系吗？这些问题是拟议分析的核心。该项目将利用两项现有的对监狱囚犯的纵向研究（n = 508，n = 222）。囚犯与整个社区和犯罪社区的联系在入狱，释放前和发行后长达四年后不久评估。首先，释放群落的联系将用于预测发行后四年内长达四年的功能（例如，物质依赖，就业）。接下来，将分析与社区和犯罪社区的联系感的规范性和个人层面的变化，以更好地了解社区联系的锻造性。诸如在监禁期间参与基于团体的干预措施（例如，12步计划）的个人因素，并返回具有高环境风险（例如暴力）的社区有望导致社区联系的个体变化。最后，将对整个社区的联系感的变化和犯罪社区的联系，以应对现有的基于恢复性司法犯罪的影响（IOC）干预当地监狱的影响。具体而言，该项目将检验以下假设：IOC干预措施会导致释放后调整（例如，社区功能），这是由于与整个社区和犯罪社区的联系感的变化。物质依赖和精神病等因素将作为这种关系的主持人进行探讨。最终，这些发现将填补有关罪犯社区联系的科学文献的巨大差距，并可以为矫正待遇和旨在减少反社会行为并增加社区适应性功能的重新入学服务提供信息。