Using Social Networks to Improve Oral Health

使用社交网络改善口腔健康

• 批准号: 8984656
• 负责人: Raul I Garcia
• 金额: $ 56.26万
• 依托单位: BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-18 至 2017-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8984656
• 关键词: 5 year old; Accounting; Address; Adoption; Affect; Age; Behavior; Caregivers; Child; Chronic; Communities; Community Developments; Community Health Systems; Community Networks; Complex; Consumption; Development; Diet; Diffusion of Innovation; Dimensions; Disadvantaged; Disease; Education; Effectiveness; Ego; Enrollment; Epidemiology; Female; Goals; Health; Health Promotion; Health Status; Health behavior; Health behavior change; Healthcare; Heterogeneity; Individual; Information Dissemination; Information Networks; Intake; Internet; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Knowledge; Knowledge acquisition; Life; Link; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Minority; Minority Groups; Modeling; National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research; Nature; Oral health; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Personal Behavior; Phase; Population; Poverty; Procedures; Property; Public Housing; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Sampling; Science; Shapes; Social Conditions; Social Interaction; Social Network; Structure; System; Vision; aged; behavior change; community based participatory research; community setting; compare effectiveness; cost; demographics; design; follow-up; health disparity; improved; member; multidisciplinary; public health relevance; social; social health determinants; sugar; sweetened beverage; theories; tool; uptake

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Public housing development (PHD) residents typically lack the resources and information necessary to maintain good oral health. Children living in PHDs are at increased risk for oral health disparities as the social conditions are thought to hinder the flow of useful and actionable health information, and undermine exemplary health behavior practices. Current oral health research tools are insufficient to accurately characterize PHD resident interactions and to understand how the social relationships of caregivers may be effectively leveraged to improve their children's oral health. To date, disparities research has no adequately accounted for the heterogeneity of factors interacting in a web of influences nor permitted practical measurement of them. Network Science is ideally suited for investigating complex systems. Social networks have been conceived as key linking mechanisms characterizing interactions within a system. We will use Network Science methods to design and implement a network intervention, guided by the diffusion of innovations theory. The intervention will focus on both interactions between residents of PHDs, and the upstream influences operating within and among networks that affect more proximal pathways to health status. Our proposed multi-level intervention is aimed at producing individual, network and community-level outcomes. Our central hypothesis is that controlled dissemination of information targeting changes in health behaviors through social networks will accelerate the uptake of knowledge, support the adoption of positive behavior change, and improve oral health status of caregivers and their young children. During the formative UH2 phase, a multidisciplinary team of investigators will identify and characterize the structural properties of PHD members' networks that shape the flow of health information, resources and support. We will rely on community-based participatory research to maximally leverage our established, long-term links with community partners. In the UH3 phase, we will conduct an intervention to determine whether and how networks may be used to promote and accelerate health behavior changes. We will target caregivers of children ages 1-5 years, with 18-24 months' follow-up to ascertain the effectiveness of network activation through disseminated messages to acquiring knowledge and promoting behavior change with respect to healthy dietary choices, particularly reductions in sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. The research plan represents a major methodological improvement to the current state of the science as it addresses the complex systems' nature of oral health disparities. It will enhance our understanding of oral health disparities through bette characterization of the behaviors, social interactions (including interactions with health systems) and community features related to the information PHD residents utilize to make sense of, and act on, their health. Similar Network Science approaches in other fields have shown increased sustainability of behavior change over and above that of individualized efforts.

 描述（由适用提供）：公共住房开发（PHD）居民通常缺乏维持良好口腔健康所需的资源和信息。居住在博士学位的儿童的口腔健康差异风险增加，因为社会状况被认为会阻碍有用且可行的健康信息的流动，并破坏了典范的健康行为习惯。当前的口腔健康研究工具不足以准确表征博士居民互动，并了解如何有效利用照顾者的社会关系来改善孩子的口腔健康。迄今为止，差异研究还没有充分说明在影响网络中相互作用的因素的异质性，也没有允许对其进行实际测量。网络科学非常适合研究复杂系统。社交网络已被认为是表征系统中相互作用的关键链接机制。我们将使用网络科学方法来设计和实施网络干预，并在创新理论的扩散下进行指导。干预措施将集中于PHD居民之间的两种相互作用，以及在影响更高的健康状况途径的网络内部和网络中运行的上游影响。我们提出的多层次干预旨在生产个人，网络和社区级别的成果。我们的中心假设是，通过社交网络对健康行为变化的控制信息进行了控制，将加速知识的吸收，支持采用积极行为的变化，并改善看护人及其幼儿的口腔健康状况。在形成性的UH2阶段，一个多学科研究人员将确定并表征塑造健康信息，资源和支持流动的博士学位成员网络的结构性特性。我们将依靠基于社区的参与研究来最大程度地利用我们与社区合作伙伴建立的长期联系。在UH3阶段，我们将进行一项干预措施，以确定是否以及如何使用网络来促进和加速健康行为的变化。我们将针对1-5岁儿童的护理人员，并进行18-24个月的随访，以确定网络激活通过传播信息的有效性，以加快知识并促进健康饮食选择的行为改变，尤其是减少糖味早餐消费量的减少。该研究计划代表了科学当前状态的主要方法论，因为它涉及复杂系统的口腔健康分布的性质。它将通过更好地表征行为，社交互动（包括与卫生系统的互动）以及与信息博士学位居民用来理解并采取健康的健康相关的社区特征来增强我们对口腔健康分布的理解。其他领域的类似网络科学方法表明，行为改变的可持续性增加了，而不是个性化的努力。