Pathway to Independence Award, Independent

独立之路奖

• 批准号: 8489276
• 负责人: Stephen V David
• 金额: $ 22.81万
• 依托单位: OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-06-15 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8489276
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Algorithms; Animals; Area; Attention; Auditory; Auditory area; Auricular prosthesis; Award; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Models; Brain; Characteristics; Complex; Computer Analysis; Computer Simulation; Cues; Data; Detection; Engineering; Environment; Ferrets; Frequencies; Goals; Hearing; Hearing Aids; Human; Learning; Mammals; Masks; Measures; Methods; Neurons; Noise; Output; Pathway interactions; Patients; Perception; Phase; Population; Process; Property; Relative (related person); Research; Response to stimulus physiology; Sensory Process; Signal Transduction; Source; Speech; Stimulus; System; Testing; Visual; auditory stimulus; awake; computerized data processing; experience; feeding; frontal lobe; improved; insight; multisensory; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; novel; relating to nervous system; research study; response; selective attention; sound; visual stimulus

Humans and other mammals are able to recognize and discriminate sounds even when masked by substantial irrelevant noise. Although this process is often effortless for animals, common sources of environmental noise severely confound automatic speech processors and distort the output of hearing aids and prosthetics. Understanding how complex noisy sounds are processed in central brain areas can provide critical insights into how to address these ongoing challenges. The goal of this project is to study cortical responses to naturalistic noisy auditory stimuli in order to understand neurophysiological mechanisms for the robust perception of noisy signals. Initial experiments will study automatic enhancement of natural signals in neural representations during passive listening. These experiments will focus specifically on environmental noise that challenges engineered auditory processing systems. Further experiments will study how neuronal mechanisms facilitate this process when selective attention is directed to auditory and multisensory audio-visual features. Computational analysis will be used to understand the algorithms employed by single neurons and neural populations to enhance the representation of important signals. In addition to revealing basic neural mechanisms of sensory processing, these experiments will provide insight into how sound processors can be improved for hearing-impaired patients.

人类和其他哺乳动物即使被声音掩盖也能够识别和辨别声音 大量不相关的噪音。尽管这个过程对于动物来说通常是毫不费力的，但常见的来源 环境噪声严重扰乱自动语音处理器并扭曲其输出 助听器和假肢。了解中枢如何处理复杂的嘈杂声音 大脑区域可以为如何应对这些持续的挑战提供重要的见解。目标是 该项目旨在研究皮质对自然噪声听觉刺激的反应，以便理解 对噪声信号的鲁棒感知的神经生理机制。初步实验将 研究被动聆听期间神经表征中自然信号的自动增强。 这些实验将特别关注挑战工程设计的环境噪声 听觉处理系统。进一步的实验将研究神经元机制如何促进 当选择性注意力集中于听觉和多感官视听特征时，就会发生此过程。 计算分析将用于理解单个神经元和 神经群体来增强重要信号的表示。除了揭秘之外 感觉处理的基本神经机制，这些实验将深入了解如何 可以为听力受损的患者改进声音处理器。