Impact of Deafness and Language Experience on Visual Development

耳聋和语言经验对视觉发育的影响

• 批准号: 8888927
• 负责人: RAIN G BOSWORTH
• 金额: $ 32.93万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-04-01 至 2019-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8888927
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affect; Age; Area; Auditory; Auditory area; Basic Science; Child; Childhood; Clinical; Cochlear Implants; Collaborations; Contrast Sensitivity; Control Groups; Development; Dimensions; Discrimination; Face; Form Perception; Handedness; Hearing; Hearing Impaired Persons; Hearing Tests; Individual; Infant; Laboratories; Language; Language Development; Language Tests; Learning; Left; Life; Literature; Manuals; Measures; Motion; Motion Perception; Outcome; Parents; Process; Recruitment Activity; Sign Language; Speech Perception; Stimulus; Surgeon; Testing; Time; Vision; Visual; Visual Fields; Visual Perception; auditory deprivation; cohort; critical period; deafness; developmental plasticity; experience; face perception; infancy; innovation; insight; interest; language comprehension; language processing; object perception; prevent; public health relevance; restoration; speech processing; standardize measure; vision development; visual plasticity; visual process; visual processing

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): While many studies have shown that vision is altered and/or enhanced in deaf people, it is not known how this develops. The current proposal is the first to study visual development in deaf people from infancy to adulthood, as well as in hearing restored (HR) children who received cochlear implants (CIs) by 18 months, a cohort that is increasingly on the rise. In Aim 1, we measure different visual abilities (including motion, form, face and object perception) in deaf and hearing infants (6 - 10 months), children (6 - 10 years) and adults, using comparable stimuli/paradigms across ages. Many deaf people use a visual language, American Sign Language (ASL), and thus to tease apart whether altered vision in deaf signers is due to deafness or to experience with ASL, we test a third control group of hearing signers, who were born to deaf signing parents and have roughly the same ASL experience as deaf people who also learned ASL early. In infants, we test these same three analogous groups (sign-exposed deaf infants, non-sign-exposed hearing infants, and sign-exposed hearing infants), as well as an additional control group, i.e., non-sign-exposed deaf infants. To test the effects of ASL further, we ask whether the degree of altered vision correlates with receptive ASL proficiency, as measured with standardized ASL tests. By understanding the developmental trajectory of altered vision due to deafness vs. ASL, we hope to elucidate mechanisms of developmental plasticity. Aim 2 asks whether there is an early critical period for the effects of deafness on visual perception, by investigating whether altered vision persists in HR children. We also measure receptive spoken language proficiency in HR children, which allows us to ask by when in development must auditory input be restored for auditory and speech processing to develop normally. This aim also addresses a growing concern in the CI field that altered early vision in deaf people may hinder the efficacy of the CI. Here, the idea is that if deafness leads to functional reallocation of auditory cortex for visual processing, this might prevent the auditory cortex from being properly stimulated by CIs. If this is true, we expect to find that HR individuals with the most altered vision will show the worse proficiency in receptive spoken language. The current proposal will be the first to test this "maladaptive hypothesis" early in development, and the results should have implications for optimizing best long-term language outcomes in CI children.

 描述（由适用提供）：虽然许多研究表明，聋人的视力改变了和/或增强，但尚不知道这种发展是如何的。当前的提案是第一个研究从婴儿期到成年的聋人的视觉发展，以及听力恢复的（HR）儿童，他们在18个月内接受了人工耳蜗（CIS），这一同伴越来越上升。在AIM 1中，我们使用跨年龄段的可比刺激/范式来测量聋哑和听力婴儿（6-10个月），儿童（6-10岁）和成人的不同视觉能力（包括运动，形式，面部和物体感知）。许多聋哑人使用视觉语言，美国手语（ASL），因此要教导聋人签名者的视力改变是由于聋哑人或ASL的经验，我们测试了第三个对照组的听力签名者，他们出生于聋哑人签名父母，并且与早期学到ASL的聋人经验大致相同。在婴儿中，我们测试了这三个类似的组（签名聋哑，非签名的听力婴儿和暴露的听力婴儿），以及一个附加的对照组，即非签名的聋哑婴儿。为了进一步测试ASL的影响，我们询问视力改变程度是否相关 通过标准化的ASL测试测量，具有接受性ASL的能力。通过了解死亡与ASL的视力改变的发展轨迹，我们希望阐明发展可塑性的机制。 AIM 2询问通过调查HR儿童的视力是否持续存在，是否存在死亡对视觉感知的影响是否存在早期的关键时期。我们还测量了人力资源儿童的接受语言能力，这使我们可以询问开发何时必须恢复听觉输入以进行听觉和语音处理以正常发展。该目标还解决了CI领域日益增长的关注，改变了聋人的早期视力可能会阻碍CI的效率。在这里，这个想法是 如果死亡性导致听觉皮层的功能重新分配进行视觉处理，则可能会阻止听觉皮层被顺式正确刺激。如果这是真的，我们期望 为了发现，视力最大的人力资源个人将表现出对接受语言的熟练程度。当前的提案将是第一个在发展初期检验这种“适应不良假设”的提案，结果应具有优化CI儿童最佳长期语言结果的影响。