Substance Use Trajectories and Health Outcomes for Monoracial and Biracial Blacks

单种族和混血黑人的药物使用轨迹和健康结果

• 批准号: 8699181
• 负责人: Trenette Clark Goings
• 金额: $ 16.59万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-07-15 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8699181
• 关键词: Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent and Young Adult; Adult; Affect; Africa; African; African American; Age; Age of Onset; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; American; American Indians; Applications Grants; Asians; Behavior; Caribbean region; Censuses; Cessation of life; Cigarette; Data; Development; Educational workshop; Environment; Epidemiology; Etiology; Family; Funding; Goals; Growth; Health; Hispanics; Individual; Injury; Investigation; K-Series Research Career Programs; Knowledge; Lead; Life; Literature; Longitudinal Studies; Marijuana; Marijuana Smoking; Mental Health; Mentors; Methods; Minority Groups; Modeling; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Peer Review; Phase; Population; Prevalence; Prevention; Prevention program; Primary Prevention; Process; Psychosocial Factor; Race; Reading; Research; Research Personnel; Risk Factors; Sampling; Schools; Science; Socioeconomic Status; Staging; Stress; Structural Models; Subgroup; Substance Addiction; Surveys; Testing; Time; Training; Training Programs; United States National Institutes of Health; Universities; Variant; Violence; Youth; adolescent substance use; black subgroup; career; career development; coping; design; experience; health disparity; high risk; meetings; peer; phrases; programs; public health relevance; racial and ethnic; racial discrimination; racism; research study; response; skills; social; substance use prevention; trend; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall aim of the proposed Mentored Career Development Award (K01) is to provide me with intensive research career development training under the guidance of successful NIH-funded sponsors that will lead me to research independence. The proposed research study centers on elucidating the pathways to substance use among monoracial and biracial Black adolescents and young adults. Increasingly, substance use researchers refer to the catch-up effect to explain a paradoxical trend among Blacks in which lower rates of substance use in adolescence do not predict lower rates of substance use in adulthood. Although Black adolescents use substances at substantially lower rates than their White peers, by young adulthood the rates of substance use among Blacks catch up to or surpass the rates of Whites. This catch-up effect contributes to high rates of adverse social and health outcomes among Blacks. Understanding the catch-up effect is hindered by the normative practice of treating Blacks as a homogeneous group. Notably, as used for the US Census, "Black" includes African Americans, Africans, Afro- Caribbean's, and biracial Blacks-but without regard for different sociocultural experiences that might affect substance use. Thus, such aggregation likely obscures important between-group differences. Indeed, my preliminary research suggests a single substance use trajectory is wholly inadequate for either describing or predicting the pathways to substance use found among monoracial and various biracial Black subgroups. Excluding my preliminary findings, no research has examined predictors of substance use trajectories among de-aggregated samples of biracial Black youth. Hence, the proposed study seeks to address these knowledge gaps. It will reveal which subgroups are most vulnerable to the catch-up effect and which factors are critical determinants of substance use among monoracial and biracial Black subgroups during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood. This study proposes to use data obtained from two nationally representative studies: National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) and National Survey of American Life: Coping with Stress in the 21st Century (NSAL). This K01 seeks to 1) describe the developmental trajectories of cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use among the monoracial groups (Black, Hispanic, and White) and two major biracial Black subgroups (Black-Hispanic, Black-White) during ages 11 to 34 years, which is a high-risk period for onset of substance use. Further, the K01 will 2) assess the relationships among socioeconomic status, experiences of racism, and individual/cultural, family, peer, school, and neighborhood factors and substance use (cross-sectional) and developmental trajectories of substance use (longitudinal) among monoracial and biracial Black adolescents and young adults. The proposed study is an integral component to a comprehensive training program designed to enhance my research skills; I have developed this program with the direction of an interdisciplinary team of expert mentors who will provide guidance throughout my K01 research. The proposed study advances my career goal of becoming a leading independent researcher focused on health disparities and the epidemiology, etiology, and prevention of substance use and dependence among racial/ethnic minorities, especially Black and biracial adolescents and young adults. My immediate career objectives in this K01 include developing greater expertise in developmental science, cultural factors, and health disparities; acquiring advanced methodological skills; conducting research that builds on my preliminary findings; disseminating my findings via peer- reviewed articles; presenting at national meetings; and preparing a grant application that will move my research to its next phase. I will achieve these goals by capitalizing on the exceptionally rich research environments at UNC and Duke University; acquiring knowledge through workshops, directed readings, and coursework; and conducting research under the guidance of my sponsors and advisors. The proposed research represents an unparalleled opportunity to develop an understanding of the pathways to substance use for specific biracial Black subgroups. Further, this research will contribute to the understanding of the etiology of substance use, the catch-up effect, and related health disparities among Blacks, and enhance prevention efforts. In the final stages of this K01, I will submit a R01 proposal that expands the scope of the investigation to examine the full range of de-aggregated biracial groups (e.g., American Indian-White, Asian-Hispanic) to determine whether, as suggested by some preliminary evidence, biracialism is a general risk factor for substance use behaviors or whether high risk for substance use is found among some biracial groups but not in others. In addition, the R01 study will examine concurrent and longer- term social and health correlates of substance use trajectories among biracial groups.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的指导职业发展奖（K01）的总体目标是在 NIH 资助的成功赞助商的指导下为我提供密集的研究职业发展培训，这将引导我实现研究独立。拟议的研究重点是阐明单种族和混血黑人青少年和年轻人物质使用的途径。 物质使用研究人员越来越多地用追赶效应来解释黑人中的一种矛盾趋势，即青春期物质使用率较低并不预示着成年期物质使用率较低。尽管黑人青少年的药物使用率远低于白人同龄人，但到了成年早期，黑人的药物使用率已赶上或超过了白人。这种追赶效应导致黑人中不良社会和健康结果的发生率很高。 将黑人视为同质群体的规范做法阻碍了对追赶效应的理解。值得注意的是，美国人口普查中使用的“黑人”包括非裔美国人、非洲人、非洲裔加勒比人以及混血黑人，但没有考虑可能影响药物使用的不同社会文化经历。因此，这种聚合可能掩盖了重要的组间差异。事实上，我的初步研究表明，单一的物质使用轨迹完全不足以描述或预测单一种族和各种混血黑人亚群中发现的物质使用途径。除了我的初步发现之外，没有任何研究检验过混血黑人青年的分散样本中物质使用轨迹的预测因素。因此，拟议的研究旨在解决这些知识差距。它将揭示哪些亚群最容易受到追赶效应的影响，以及哪些因素是单种族和混血黑人亚群在从青春期到成年早期的过渡期间物质使用的关键决定因素。 本研究建议使用两项具有全国代表性的研究获得的数据：国家青少年健康纵向研究 (Add Health) 和国家美国生活调查：应对 21 世纪的压力 (NSAL)。本 K01 旨在 1) 描述 11 至 34 岁期间单种族群体（黑人、西班牙裔和白人）和两个主要混血黑人亚群体（黑人-西班牙裔、黑人-白人）吸烟、饮酒和大麻使用的发展轨迹年，这是物质使用开始的高风险期。此外，K01 将 2) 评估社会经济地位、种族主义经历、个人/文化、家庭、同伴、学校和邻里因素与物质使用（横断面）和物质使用发展轨迹（纵向）之间的关系。单种族和混血黑人青少年和年轻人。 拟议的研究是旨在提高我的研究技能的综合培训计划的一个组成部分；我在跨学科专家导师团队的指导下开发了这个项目，他们将在我的 K01 研究过程中提供指导。拟议的研究推进了我的职业目标，即成为一名领先的独立研究员，专注于少数族裔/族裔（尤其是黑人和混血青少年和年轻人）的健康差异以及流行病学、病因学以及药物使用和依赖的预防。我在 K01 的近期职业目标包括在发展科学、文化因素和健康差异方面发展更多的专业知识；获得先进的方法论技能；根据我的初步发现进行研究；通过同行评审的文章传播我的发现；在全国会议上发言；并准备一份资助申请，将我的研究推进到下一阶段。我将通过利用北卡罗来纳大学和杜克大学极其丰富的研究环境来实现这些目标；通过研讨会、定向阅读和课程作业获取知识；并在我的赞助商和顾问的指导下进行研究。 拟议的研究为了解特定混血黑人亚群的物质使用途径提供了无与伦比的机会。此外，这项研究将有助于了解黑人物质使用的病因、追赶效应和相关健康差异，并加强预防工作。在 K01 的最后阶段，我将提交一份 R01 提案，该提案扩大了调查范围，以检查所有非聚合的混血群体（例如美国印第安人-白人、亚洲人-西班牙裔），以确定是否如所建议的那样根据一些初步证据，混血儿现象是物质使用行为的一般风险因素，或者是否在某些混血儿群体中发现了物质使用的高风险，而在其他群体中则没有。此外，R01 研究将探讨混血儿群体中物质使用轨迹的同时且长期的社会和健康相关性。