Malaria Transmission and the Impact of Control Efforts in Southern Africa

南部非洲疟疾传播和控制工作的影响

• 批准号: 9109159
• 负责人: Peter C Agre
• 金额: $ 5.6万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-01 至 2016-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9109159
• 关键词: Antimalarials; Area; Biology; Biomedical Research; Biometry; Biostatistics Core; Cessation of life; Clinics and Hospitals; Collaborations; Communities; Databases; Development; Ecological Change; Ensure; Epidemiologic Studies; Epidemiology; Foundations; Frequencies; Genetic; Genetic Heterogeneity; Genetic Population Study; Genetic Variation; Genomics; Genotype; Goals; Information Technology; Insecticide Resistance; Institutes; Institution; Instruction; Intervention; Investigation; Knowledge; Leadership; Link; Malaria; Nature; Neck; Occupational activity of managing finances; Parasites; Pattern; Phase; Physical environment; Population; Population Genetics; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Province; Public Health Schools; Recording of previous events; Research; Research Activity; Research Infrastructure; Research Institute; Research Training; Site; Social Environment; Southern Africa; Staging; Structure; Sustainable Development; Time; Training; Training Programs; Tropical Disease; Universities; Zambia; Zimbabwe; base; career development; chemotherapy; cost effective; data management; database design; design; epidemiology study; evidence base; instrumentation; international center; malaria transmission; population genetic structure; programs; resistance mutation; response; success; transmission process; vector; vector control; vector transmission

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed Center of Excellence for Malaria Research will focus on the epidemiology, vector biology and genetic diversity of malaria parasites under conditions typical of much of southern Africa. The research will be conducted in three endemic areas with different levels of malaria transmission and stages of control. The main research site will be located at the Malaria Institute at Macha (MIAM) in the Choma District of the Southern Province of Zambia. This is a semi-arid region that has a history of intense seasonal malaria transmission. While chemotherapy to reduce deaths from malaria has been in effect for over 20 years, no vector control interventions were implemented until 2007. The second field site will be at the Tropical Disease Research Centre (TDRC) in the Nchelenge District in the Luapula Province in northern Zambia, in the environs of Lake Mweru. This is a high transmission area with hyper- to holo-endemic malaria. The third field site will be at the Biomedical Research Training Institute (BRTI) in Mutasa District in Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe. This region was under an effective malaria control program for about 50 years but the program was terminated in the late 1990's. Consequently, there has been a resurgence of malaria. The ecological, geographical and demographic differences between these research areas provide a range of epidemiological conditions to investigate malaria transmission and control in southern Africa, specifically spatio-temporal patterns of transmission, vector biology and parasite diversity. Studies of malaria epidemiology will focus on hospital, clinic and community-based prospective studies to track spatial and temporal changes in transmission. Population genetic studies of the vector and parasite will allow characterization of the genetic heterogeneity associated with natural and imposed bottle necks and the changing frequency of insecticide resistance and antimalarial resistance mutations. The project Cores, consisting of Environmental Surveillance, Genomics and Data Management/Biostatistics provide links between the three research areas. An integrated relational data base will link information across space and time. The Training/Career Development Program will be coordinated at the University of Zambia and the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health and will take advantage of local capacity to strengthen their training programs to ensure the Center of Excellence for Malaria Research is sustained after the completion of this program.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的疟疾卓越研究中心将重点介绍疟疾寄生虫在南部非洲大部分地区的流行病学，媒介生物学和遗传多样性。这项研究将在三个流行地区进行，具有不同水平的疟疾传播和控制阶段。主要研究地点将位于赞比亚南部省乔马区的马查玛（迈阿密）的疟疾研究所。这是一个半干旱地区，具有强烈的季节性疟疾传播史。虽然减少疟疾死亡的化学疗法已有20多年的生效，但直到2007年才实施媒介控制干预措施。第二场现场将在赞比亚北部Luapulaenge Province的Nchelenge地区的热带病疾病研究中心（TDRC）举行。这是一个高传输区域，具有高到全部流行性疟疾。第三场现场将在津巴布韦Manicaland省Mutasa区的生物医学研究培训学院（BRTI）。该地区受到有效的疟疾控制计划已有50年的历史，但该计划于1990年代后期终止。因此，疟疾已经复兴。这些研究领域之间的生态，地理和人口统计学差异为研究南部非洲的疟疾传播和控制提供了一系列流行病学条件，特别是传播，媒介生物学和寄生虫多样性的时空模式。疟疾流行病学的研究将重点放在医院，诊所和社区的前瞻性研究上，以跟踪传播的空间和时间变化。对载体和寄生虫的种群遗传研究将允许表征与天然和施加的瓶颈相关的遗传异质性以及杀虫剂耐药性和抗疟疾耐药性突变的频率的变化。由环境监视，基因组学和数据管理/生物统计学组成的项目核心提供了这三个研究领域之间的联系。集成的关系数据库将在空间和时间上链接信息。培训/职业发展计划将在赞比亚大学和约翰·霍普金斯大学公共卫生学院进行协调，并将利用当地能力来加强其培训计划，以确保在完成该计划后维持疟疾研究的卓越中心。