Basic Research In Personality: Cross-Cultural Research

人格基础研究：跨文化研究

• 批准号: 8552325
• 负责人: Susan Resnick
• 金额: $ 26.31万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8552325
• 关键词: 17 year old; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Age; Aging; American; Attitude; Basic Science; Behavior; Belief; Competence; Country; Dimensions; Elderly; Family; Female; Gender; Health; Impulsivity; Income; Laboratories; Measures; Mental Health; Minor; Nature; Outcome; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Personal Satisfaction; Personality; Personality Assessment; Personality Development; Personality Traits; Personality inventories; Property; Psychometrics; Publishing; Questionnaires; Research; Role; Sampling; Social Perception; Stereotyping; Stress; Variant; age group; coping; design; informant; male; member; theories; trait; university student

Previous research in this Laboratory has examined personality profiles of cultures obtained by averaging traits assessed in samples of college students and adults. We have extended this line of research by examining ratings of 12 to 17 years old in 24 cultures. Observer ratings of adolescents were obtained using the NEO Personality Inventory-3 (NEO-PI-3), a more readable version of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R), which showed good psychometric properties across cultures. Aggregate scores were generalizable across age and gender and showed convergence with culture-level scores from previous studies of self-reports and observer ratings of adults. Non-Western cultures tend to score slightly lower on a dimension related to Extraversion. Further, aggregate scores of adolescent ratings were unrelated to national character stereotypes, consistent with previous research that challenge the accuracy of these widely shared beliefs. The multinational study includes systematic assessments of personality stereotypes of age groups and genders as well as nations. Personality stereotypes of age and gender groups were assessed in each of the 26 cultures (N = 3,323) using the National Character Stereotypes measure, which includes items for each of the 30 facets included in the NEO-PI-3. Participants rated either males or females in the age groups adolescent, adult, and old in their own country. We compared assessed personality stereotypes of different age groups with previously published self-reported and observer-rated personality at each of the age groups. Across cultures, adolescents were seen as impulsive, rebellious, undisciplined, preferring excitement and novelty, whereas old people were consistently considered lower on impulsivity, activity, antagonism, and Openness. Results showed that stereotypes of age groups were remarkably accurate, with only minor variability, though personal stereotypes of any particular rater were less accurate than the aggregate stereotype of each age group. This pattern of findings suggests that the formation of age stereotypes may have culture-neutral origins. In the assessment of National Character Stereotypes, participants were asked to rate the personality of the typical member of their culture, as well as the typical personality of Americans. Across cultures, the rating of Americans warmth and competence was systematically related to the rater cultures GDP, such that wealthier countries rated Americans as more warm and less competent. Results were similar when raters own family income is used as the predictor. Findings were consistent with theories on the dimensions of social perception.

该实验室之前的研究通过对大学生和成年人样本评估的特征进行平均而获得文化的人格概况。我们通过检查 24 种文化中 12 至 17 岁的评级来扩展这一研究范围。青少年的观察者评级是使用 NEO 人格量表 3 (NEO-PI-3) 获得的，该量表是修订版 NEO 人格量表 (NEO-PI-R) 的更易读的版本，显示出良好的跨文化心理测量特性。总分在不同年龄和性别中具有普遍性，并且与之前对成人自我报告和观察者评分的研究中的文化水平分数相一致。非西方文化在与外向性相关的维度上得分往往略低。此外，青少年评分的总分与国民性格刻板印象无关，这与之前质疑这些广泛认同的信念的准确性的研究一致。 这项跨国研究包括对年龄组、性别以及国家的人格刻板印象进行系统评估。使用国民性格刻板印象测量方法对 26 种文化 (N = 3,323) 中的每一种文化中的年龄和性别群体的性格刻板印象进行了评估，其中包括 NEO-PI-3 中包含的 30 个方面中每个方面的项目。参与者对自己国家的青少年、成人和老年人年龄组中的男性或女性进行评分。我们将不同年龄组的评估人格刻板印象与之前发表的每个年龄组的自我报告和观察者评估的人格进行了比较。在不同的文化中，青少年被认为是冲动、叛逆、不守纪律、喜欢刺激和新奇的人，而老年人一直被认为冲动、活跃、对抗性和开放性较低。结果表明，年龄组的刻板印象非常准确，只有很小的变异性，尽管任何特定评估者的个人刻板印象不如每个年龄组的总体刻板印象准确。这种研究结果表明，年龄刻板印象的形成可能具有文化中立的起源。 在对国民性格刻板印象的评估中，参与者被要求对其文化中典型成员的性格以及美国人的典型性格进行评分。在不同文化中，对美国人的热情和能力的评价与评价者文化的GDP系统相关，因此富裕国家认为美国人更热情，但能力较差。当评估者自己的家庭收入用作预测因子时，结果相似。研究结果与社会认知维度的理论一致。

项目成果

The validity and structure of culture-level personality scores: data from ratings of young adolescents.

文化层面人格得分的有效性和结构：来自青少年评级的数据。

• 发表时间: 2010-06
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: McCrae, Robert R;Terracciano, Antonio;De Fruyt, Filip;De Bolle, Marleen;Gelfand, Michele J;Costa Jr, Paul T;42 Collaborators of the Adolescent Personality Profiles of Cultures Project
• 通讯作者: 42 Collaborators of the Adolescent Personality Profiles of Cultures Project

Internal consistency, retest reliability, and their implications for personality scale validity.

内部一致性、重测信度及其对人格量表效度的影响。

• 发表时间: 2011-02
• 作者: McCrae, Robert R;Kurtz, John E;Yamagata, Shinji;Terracciano, Antonio
• 通讯作者: Terracciano, Antonio

Rater Wealth Predicts Perceptions of Outgroup Competence.

评估者财富预测对外群体能力的看法。

• 发表时间: 2011-12
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Chan, Wayne;McCrae, Robert R;Rogers, Darrin L;Weimer, Amy A;Greenberg, David M;Terracciano, Antonio
• 通讯作者: Terracciano, Antonio

Substance and artifact in the higher-order factors of the Big Five.

大五高阶因素中的物质和人工制品。

• 发表时间: 2008-08
• 影响因子: 7.6
• 作者: McCrae, Robert R;Yamagata, Shinji;Jang, Kerry L;Riemann, Rainer;Ando, Juko;Ono, Yutaka;Angleitner, Alois;Spinath, Frank M
• 通讯作者: Spinath, Frank M

Assessing the universal structure of personality in early adolescence: The NEO-PI-R and NEO-PI-3 in 24 cultures.

评估青春期早期人格的普遍结构：24 种文化中的 NEO-PI-R 和 NEO-PI-3。

• 发表时间: 2009-09
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: De Fruyt, Filip;De Bolle, Marleen;McCrae, Robert R;Terracciano, Antonio;Costa Jr, Paul T;Collaborators of the Adolescent Personality Profiles of Cultures Project
• 通讯作者: Collaborators of the Adolescent Personality Profiles of Cultures Project