Intersensory Perceptual Narrowing in Human Infants

人类婴儿的感觉间知觉狭窄

• 批准号: 8898283
• 负责人: DAVID J LEWKOWICZ
• 金额: $ 31.64万
• 依托单位: NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-03-01 至 2017-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8898283
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Age; Age-Months; Animals; Auditory; Autistic Disorder; Behavioral; Birth; Child; Cognitive; Collection; Communication; Communication impairment; Conceptions; Cues; Detection; Development; Developmental Disabilities; Diagnostic; Discrimination; Discrimination Learning; Disease; Early Diagnosis; Employee Strikes; Etiology; Event; Exhibits; Face; Gender; Gestures; Health; Human; Infant; Intervention; Language; Learning; Learning Disorders; Life; Light; Literature; Measures; Mediating; Memory; Methods; Monkeys; Music; Nature; Pattern; Perception; Plastics; Play; Prevention; Primates; Process; Race; Research; Role; Sensory; Series; Source; Specific qualifier value; Speech; Speech Perception; Speech Sound; Stimulus; Stream; Tactile; Techniques; Testing; Thinking; Time; Visual; Visual attention; Voice; base; design; developmental disease; experience; improved; indexing; infancy; infant animal; insight; multisensory; novel; prevent; relating to nervous system; response; skills; social; social communication; sound; spatiotemporal; theories; tool; vocalization

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The two primary channels of communication in primate species are the face and the voice. Normally, facial gestures and accompanying vocalizations provide highly redundant information because they are always spatially co-located, temporally synchronous, and specified by overlapping patterns of dynamic audible and visible information. Adults profit from the multisensory redundancy that vocalizing faces offer because they use the redundancy to integrate the separate auditory and visual streams of information into coherent perceptual experiences and because the redundancy makes it easier to detect, learn, and remember vocalizing faces. Although extant evidence indicates that the ability to take advantage of multisensory redundancy emerges early in infancy, the processes underlying its emergence are still poorly understood. Consequently, the current project investigates the development of face-voice integration in human infants and explores the novel idea that perceptual narrowing plays a critical role in the development of intersensory integration. This novel idea is based on a recent discovery by the PI & his colleagues that younger infants can integrate a broader range of faces and voices than do older infants. We have found that young infants can integrate nonnative faces and vocalizations (either monkey faces and their vocalizations or foreign visible and audible speech sounds) but that older infants do not. Our findings are striking because they are counterintuitive and contrary to predictions arising from extant theories of intersensory development. They are, however, consistent with a growing literature on narrowing effects in the speech, face, and music processing domains and suggest that narrowing is a pan-sensory, domain-general process. Consequently, the current project will investigate intersensory perceptual narrowing (IPN). It will be guided by 5 specific aims whose purpose will be to shed light on: (1) the role of temporal intersensory synchrony, configural processing, gestural features, and language-general processes in IPN, (2) the general nature of IPN by testing for it across different types of integration tasks, (3) the role of experience in IPN, (4) the separate contribution of unisensory perceptual processes to IPN, and (5) whether the sensitive period for IPN is affected by multisensory redundancy. We will use the intersensory matching technique to examine face-voice integration, the habituation/test method to investigate learning and discrimination of faces and voices, and measure infant visual attention to index responsiveness. By shedding light on the perceptual and experience-dependent mechanisms that underlie the development of face-voice integration in infancy, this project will provide insights into the emergence of a critical communicative skill that is essential to adaptive functioning at the perceptual, cognitive, and social levels. This, in turn, will provide insights into the etiology of various developmental disorders (e.g., autism) and will facilitate the development of better diagnostic tools for such disorders and help develop better intervention methods to ameliorate these disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）：灵长类动物物种中的两个主要交流渠道是面部和声音。通常，面部手势和随附的发声提供了高度冗余的信息，因为它们总是在空间共同的，时间同步，并通过动态听觉和可见信息的重叠模式指定。成年人从发声面孔提供的多感官冗余中获利，因为他们利用冗余将单独的听觉和视觉信息流到连贯的感知体验中，并且因为冗余使检测，学习和记住发声的面孔更容易。尽管现有的证据表明，在婴儿期早期就出现了利用多感官冗余的能力，但其出现的过程仍然鲜为人知。因此，当前的项目研究了人类婴儿面部综合的发展，并探讨了一种新颖的想法，即知觉狭窄在感官间整合的发展中起着至关重要的作用。这一新颖的想法是基于Pi及其同事最近发现的，即年轻的婴儿可以比老龄儿童融合更广泛的面孔和声音。我们发现，年轻的婴儿可以整合非本地人的面孔和发声（猴子的面孔及其发声或外国可见且可见的语音），但年龄较大的婴儿没有。我们的发现令人惊讶，因为它们是违反直觉的，并且与现存的感官发展理论引起的预测相反。但是，它们与越来越多的文献有关演讲，面部和音乐加工领域的范围效果的文献一致，并暗示狭窄是一个泛感觉域的域总过程。因此，当前项目将研究感官间感知变窄（IPN）。它将以5个特定目的为指导，其目的是阐明：（1）IPN中时间互感同步，配置处理，手势特征和语言过程的作用，（2）IPN的一般性质通过测试IPN的一般性质。 IPN的敏感周期受多感官冗余的影响。我们将使用感官间匹配技术来检查面部声音的整合，习惯/测试方法研究面部和声音的学习和歧视，并衡量婴儿对索引反应性的视觉关注。通过阐明婴儿期面对面整合的基础的感知和经验依赖性机制，该项目将提供有关在感知，认知和社会水平上适应性功能至关重要的关键交流技能出现的见解。反过来，这将提供对各种发育障碍（例如自闭症）的病因的见解，并将促进为这种疾病提供更好的诊断工具的开发，并帮助开发更好的干预方法来改善这些疾病。