Converging Behavioral and Neural Measures of Attention in Human Infants

人类婴儿注意力的行为和神经测量的融合

• 批准号: 10303335
• 负责人: DAVID J LEWKOWICZ
• 金额: $ 23.97万
• 依托单位: HASKINS LABORATORIES, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-07-15 至 2023-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10303335
• 关键词: Adult; Age; Attention; Auditory; Behavioral; Brain; Categories; Characteristics; Classification; Cues; Data; Detection; Development; Devices; Discrimination; Discrimination Learning; Electroencephalography; Exhibits; Eye; Face; Frequencies; Goals; Hearing; Human; Impairment; Individual; Individual Differences; Infant; Learning; Literature; Measures; Memory; Methodology; Methods; Monkeys; Ocular Fixation; Outcome; Pattern; Perception; Perceptual learning; Performance; Peripheral; Phase; Population; Procedures; Public Health; Risk; Role; Sensory Thresholds; Series; Side; Stimulus; Techniques; Testing; Time; Validation; Visual; Visual Fields; Visual attention; Voice; Weight; base; behavior measurement; cognitive function; covert attention; design; directed attention; experimental study; gaze; habituation; indexing; infancy; information processing; innovation; insight; multisensory; novel; novel therapeutic intervention; paired stimuli; predicting response; preference; psychologic; relating to nervous system; response; sample fixation; sensory input; social; speech processing; stimulus processing; therapy design; time use; tool; visual stimulus; visual tracking; vocalization

Attention is the filter through which all sensory inputs must pass. Therefore, attention is the gateway for perception, learning, and memory. Current understanding of attention in infancy is based on studies that measure the direction and duration of visual fixation of visual stimuli. This project investigates the likelihood that some proportion of infant visual attention constitutes the absence of active processing either due to a blank stare or to attention being directed to the periphery. If this hypothesis is correct then current findings in the literature based on infant looking may provide an inaccurate picture of infant attention and, thus, of infant processing in multiple domains of psychological functioning. The principal goal of the present project is to employ simultaneous converging measures to assess overt and covert visual attention in human infants and to relate those measures to individual differences in outcome on classic infant multisensory integration and perceptual learning/discrimination tasks. Measures of overt infant visual attention will be obtained with standard methods using both human observers and commercial eye trackers. Measures of covert visual attention will utilize an EEG frequency-tagging technique which provides a continuous measure of the brain's response to a flickering stimulus (or an annulus surrounding that stimulus) and can reveal when covert attention is reduced (or absent) even when overt attention is directed to a stimulus either because the infant is just staring or directing attention elsewhere. Our converging measures will provide moment-to-moment changes in infant looking at either one or two simultaneous stimuli and brain responses to the stimuli flickering at different temporal frequencies. Using time resolved multivariate regression, we will estimate the patterns of overt and covert attention that best predict the perceptual and memory performance during a post-test following the encoding phase in experiments examining infant matching of faces and vocalizations, infant learning and discrimination of visual objects, and infant categorization of visual objects. Overall, the current project promises to provide a methodologically innovative way to extract a purer measure of active attention in infancy than is currently possible through concurrent access to a neural marker of covert attention. This, in turn, will provide a powerful new tool for assessing the role of active attention in multiple domains of cognitive functioning in infancy in both typical and atypical populations.

注意是所有感觉输入必须通过的过滤器。因此，注意是门户 感知，学习和记忆。目前对婴儿期注意的理解是基于研究 测量视觉刺激的视觉固定的方向和持续时间。该项目调查了可能性 一定比例的婴儿视觉注意力构成缺乏空白导致的主动处理 凝视或注意到周围。如果此假设是正确的，那么当前的发现 基于婴儿看的文献可能会提供婴儿关注的不准确的情况，从而提供婴儿的注意 在心理功能的多个领域进行处理。本项目的主要目标是 采取同时融合措施来评估人类婴儿的明显和掩盖视觉注意力 将这些措施与经典婴儿多感官整合的结果的个体差异联系起来 感知学习/歧视任务。通过 使用人类观察者和商业眼镜手的标准方法。秘密视觉关注的度量 将利用一种脑电图频率的技术，该技术可连续衡量大脑对 闪烁的刺激（或刺激周围的环），可以揭示何时减少秘密注意力 （或不存在）即使关闭注意力是因为婴儿只是凝视或指导，要么是因为 注意其他地方。我们的融合措施将为婴儿提供时刻的变化 在不同时间上闪烁的刺激的同时刺激和大脑反应 频率。使用时间解析的多元回归，我们将估计公开和秘密的模式 最能预测编码后测试期间的感知和记忆表现的注意 在检查面部和发声，婴儿学习和歧视的婴儿匹配的实验的阶段 视觉对象和视觉对象的婴儿分类。总体而言，当前项目有望提供 方法论上具有创新的方法来提取婴儿期比目前更纯粹的主动注意力。 通过同时访问秘密注意的神经标记可能。反过来，这将提供强大的 评估主动注意力在婴儿期的多个认知功能领域中的作用的新工具 典型和非典型人群。