Project 1: Racial Differences in Attentional Bias and Cue Reactivity among Smokers

项目 1：吸烟者注意力偏差和提示反应的种族差异

• 批准号: 8850170
• 负责人: James C Root
• 金额: $ 2.29万
• 依托单位: SLOAN-KETTERING INST CAN RESEARCH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-22 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8850170
• 关键词: Abstinence; Address; African American; Arousal; Behavioral; Brain; Brain region; Cancer Burden; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Cigarette; Cognitive; Cues; Data; Development; EP300 gene; Education; Electroencephalogram; Exhibits; Face; Galvanic Skin Response; Goals; Guide prevention; Health; Imagery; Incidence; Intervention; Malignant Neoplasms; Methodology; Morbidity - disease rate; Nature; Outcome Measure; P300 Event-Related Potentials; Physiological; Physiological Processes; Pilot Projects; Prevention program; Prevention strategy; Preventive Intervention; Process; Process Measure; Psychophysiology; Reaction; Reaction Time; Relapse; Reporting; Research; Smoker; Smoking; Source; Staging; Stimulus; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco smoking; Tobacco use; addiction; behavior measurement; cigarette smoking; cognitive control; craving; cue reactivity; design; effective intervention; experience; mortality; non-smoking; novel strategies; prevent; primary outcome; racial difference; response; success; therapy development; tobacco abstinence

ABSTRACT Black Americans face a disproportionate burden of cancer incidence and death from tobacco smoking.1 Among other tobacco-related disparities, Blacks have less success achieving abstinence from tobacco than Whites even though they are more likely to attempt to quit.2,3 Identifying factors that contribute to racial differences in abstinence rates will contribute to effective interventions to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality among Blacks. Increased cue reactivity to smoking-related cues might be one important mechanism that explains Blacks increased difficulty maintaining abstinence from tobacco use. Although little research to date has examined racial differences in the cognitive processing and physiological processes of tobacco-related stimuli, several studies suggest that Blacks experience several aspects of tobacco smoking differently than Whites. Nonetheless, many questions remain unanswered about the nature, quantity, and quality of these differences. Psychophysiological data are a rich source of information that is likely to elucidate these differences. Racial differences in cue reactivity and attentional processes related to tobacco disparities would suggest specific targets for the development of interventions for treatment and/or prevention programs with the goal of optimizing interventions to more effectively assist Blacks achieve long-term abstinence and/or prevent initial use. The goal of this pilot study is to examine racial differences in in psychophysiological cue reactivity that are likely to contribute to tobacco-related disparities. Findings from this pilot study will inform the development of a larger examination of racial differences in the cognitive processing of smoking-related cues and cue reactivity. White and Black Smokers will complete a classic cue reactivity flanker task while psychophysiological indicators of cognitive processing and behavioral measures are collected. Primary outcome measures include the P300 event-related potential (ERP), brain wave amplitude, skin conductance reactivity (SCR), and reaction time. Differences between Black and White smokers reactivity to smoking-related versus non-smoking related stimuli will be examined. We hypothesize that alterations in cue reactivity develop early in cue processing and that this finding will be heightened in Blacks compared to Whites, explaining heightened craving levels in response to smoking-related cues and less successful quit attempts in Blacks. Aim 1: To examine psychophysiological and behavioral differences in cue reactivity between Black and White smokers. We anticipate that Black smokers will: H1: Exhibit larger P300 (ERP) response to smoking related cues than White smokers; H2: Exhibit a larger SCR response to smoking related cues than White smokers; H3: Exhibit longer reaction times to smoking related cues than White smokers; and H4: Will report greater craving levels than White smokers before and after the experimental sessions. Cue reactivity is a well-established and theoretically grounded construct strongly associated with the craving, tobacco consumption, and relapse to smoking. This study applies a well-established construct to the study of racial differences.

抽象的 黑人美国人面临癌症发病率和烟草吸烟死亡的负担不成比例的负担。1 其他与烟草相关的差异，黑人的成功率要少于白人。 即使他们更有可能戒烟。2,3识别导致种族差异的因素 禁欲率将有助于有效干预措施，以降低癌症的发病率和死亡率 黑人。提示与吸烟相关提示的提示反应性可能是一种重要机制 黑人增加了难以维持烟草使用的禁欲。尽管迄今为止很少的研究 研究了与烟草相关刺激的认知处理和生理过程中的种族差异， 几项研究表明，黑人的吸烟的几个方面与白人不同。 尽管如此，许多问题仍未得到这些差异的性质，数量和质量。 心理生理数据是可能阐明这些差异的丰富信息来源。种族 与烟草差异相关的提示反应性和注意力过程的差异将表明特定 开发治疗和/或预防计划干预措施的目标 优化干预措施以更有效地协助黑人实现长期禁欲和/或防止初始 使用。这项试验研究的目的是检查心理生理提示反应性中的种族差异 可能导致与烟草相关的差距。这项试点研究的发现将为开发 在吸烟相关线索和提示反应性的认知处理中，对种族差异的研究更大。 白色和黑人吸烟者将完成经典的提示反应性侧翼任务，而心理生理学 收集了认知处理和行为措施的指标。主要结果指标包括 P300事件相关电位（ERP），脑波振幅，皮肤电导反应性（SCR）和反应 时间。黑人和白人吸烟者对吸烟相关与非吸烟相关的反应性的差异 将检查刺激。我们假设提示反应性的变化在提示加工和 与白人相比，黑人的发现将加剧 对与吸烟有关的提示的反应和黑人的戒烟尝试较少。目标1：检查 黑人和白人吸烟者之间的心理生理和行为差异。我们 预计黑人吸烟者将：H1：展示对吸烟相关提示的较大P300（ERP）的反应 吸烟者； H2：比白人吸烟者表现出对吸烟相关提示的SCR反应更大。 H3：展示更长的时间 对吸烟相关的提示的反应时间比白人吸烟者；和H4：将报告比 实验会议前后的白人吸烟者。提示反应性是一个公认的， 理论上扎根的结构与渴望，烟草的消费密切相关，并复发到 吸烟。这项研究将建立良好的结构应用于种族差异的研究。