Exposure to Insecticides and Child Growth and Pubertal Development in a South African Population Exposed Through Indoor Residual Spraying

通过室内残留喷洒接触杀虫剂的南非人群的儿童生长和青春期发育

• 批准号: 9715534
• 负责人: Jonathan Chevrier
• 金额: $ 44.15万
• 依托单位: MCGILL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-11-22 至 2025-10-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9715534
• 关键词: 2 year old; Acceleration; Address; Adult; Africa; African; Age; Androgen Antagonists; Animals; Area; Biological Markers; Birth; Body Composition; Body fat; Body measure procedure; Child; Child Development; Childhood Overweight; China; Clinical; Cohort Studies; Community Networks; Complex; Country; Data; Delayed Puberty; Developed Countries; Developing Countries; Development; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; Diet; Dose; Endocrine; Endocrine Disruptors; Energy Intake; Environmental Estrogen; Epidemiology; Estradiol; Exposure to; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Growth; HIV; Health; High Prevalence; Hormones; Human; Income; Individual; Infection; Insecticides; International; Knowledge; Leptin; Luteinizing Hormone; Malaria; Malignant Neoplasms; Malnutrition; Measurement; Measures; Mental disorders; Metabolic syndrome; Methods; Modeling; Obesity; Overweight; Physical activity; Play; Policy Maker; Population; Poverty; Pregnancy; Preschool Child; Prevalence; Property; Puberty; Reporting; Research Infrastructure; Residual state; Rodent; Role; Rural; Sampling; Serum; Skinfold Thickness; South Africa; South African; Southern Africa; Testosterone; Trichloroethanes; United Nations; Urine; Weight; World Health Organization; aged; androgenic; base; boys; chlorohydrocarbon insecticide; cohort; early onset; estrogenic; experience; girls; high risk sexual behavior; human data; low and middle-income countries; male; obesity in children; obesogenic; postnatal; prenatal exposure; programs; public health relevance; pyrethroid; reproductive; residence; trend

7. PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Since 1980, the global prevalence of overweight and obesity increased by 27.5% in adults and by 47.1% in children. Although rates appear to have tapered off over recent years in many developed countries, steady increases continue to be reported in developing countries, most particularly in Africa. Between 1990 and 2010, the number of overweight and obese children doubled in Africa and in 2017, the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity among young children was found in the Southern Africa U.N region. In South Africa’s Vhembe district, the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity increased by a factor of 2.7 between 2008 and 2015, reaching 40%. Concomitantly, earlier onset of puberty has been observed globally and it has been suggested that increasing trends in obesity prevalence may play a role. Although changes in diet and physical activity likely influence these trends, growing evidence suggests that exposure to chemicals that disrupt endocrine function may be a factor. A total of 88 countries practice Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS), the use insecticides on the interior walls of residences to control malaria, resulting in high exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) and pyrethroids. DDT, a known environmental estrogen, increases body fat and advances puberty in female rodents while DDT’s breakdown product dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE), an antiandrogen, delays puberty in males. Few human studies have investigated associations between DDT exposure and body composition or pubertal onset but studies of DDE found relations with delayed puberty in boys and our preliminary studies suggest that DDE is obesogenic in South African girls. Animal studies show that pyrethroids, which are androgenic, delay puberty onset in females and accelerate puberty in males but this question has only been studied by one group in China. To our knowledge, no study has investigated the impact of exposure to DDT or pyrethroids on body composition, pubertal onset or endocrine function in peripubertal African children. We propose to address these important knowledge gaps by extending a unique birth cohort study of rural South African children with extensive data on health, exposure and confounders, rich research infrastructure and strong community networks. We aim to identify the levels and determinants of exposure to DDT/E and pyrethroids among children aged 7 to 10 and determine whether pre- and postnatal exposure to these insecticides is associated with: 1) altered body composition, 2) puberty timing and tempo, and 3) hormone levels. This study will provide policy-makers with data to better understand the determinants of the dramatic rise in obesity and the acceleration of puberty in South Africa and other developing countries. It will also provide essential information on the potential unintended consequences of IRS to malaria-endemic countries and international bodies so that they can determine the safest and most sustainable methods to control malaria.

7。项目摘要/摘要 自1980年以来，成人超重和肥胖的全球患病率增加了27.5％，47.1％ 儿童。尽管近年来在许多发达国家似乎已经逐渐减少，但稳定 在发展中国家，尤其是在非洲，持续报告的增加。在1990年至2010年之间， 超重和肥胖儿童的数量在非洲和2017年翻了一番，这是最高的患病率 在南非联合国地区发现了幼儿的超重和肥胖。在南非的 Vhembe地区，2008年之间的童年超重和肥胖症的患病率增加了2.7倍 和2015年，达到40％。同时，在全球范围内观察到青春期的早期发作，已经是 建议肥胖症患病率不断增加的趋势可能发挥作用。尽管饮食和身体的变化 活动可能影响这些趋势，越来越多的证据表明，暴露于破坏的化学物质 内分泌功能可能是一个因素。 共有88个国家进行室内残留喷涂（IRS），在内壁上使用杀虫剂 控制疟疾的住宅，导致高暴露于内分泌中的化学物质，例如 二氯二苯三氯乙烷（DDT）和拟除虫菊酯。 DDT是一种已知的环境雌激素，增加了 体内脂肪和雌性啮齿动物的青春期，而DDT的崩溃产品二氯苯基 二氯乙烯（DDE）是一种抗雄激素，延迟了男性青春期。人类研究很少研究 DDT暴露与身体成分或青春期发作之间的关联，但发现DDE的研究发现 与男孩的青春期延迟的关系和我们的初步研究表明，DDE在南方是肥胖的 非洲女孩。动物研究表明，雄激素的拟除虫菊酯在女性和 在男性中加速青春期，但这个问题仅在中国被一个人研究。 据我们所知，尚无研究调查暴露于DDT或拟除虫菊酯对人体的影响 丘脑非洲儿童的成分，青春期发作或内分泌功能。我们建议解决 这些重要的知识差距通过扩展了对南非农村儿童的独特出生队列研究 有关健康，曝光和混杂因素，丰富的研究基础设施和强大社区的广泛数据 网络。我们的目的是确定暴露于DDT/E和拟除虫菊酯的水平和确定 7至10岁的儿童，并确定产前和产后暴露于这些杀虫剂是否与 用：1）身体成分改变，2）青春期的时机和节奏，以及3）激素水平。 这项研究将为决策者提供数据，以更好地了解确定急剧上升的 肥胖和南非和其他发展中国家青春期的加速。它也将提供 有关国税局对疟疾 - 内治国家和 国际机构可以确定控制疟疾的最安全，最可持续的方法。