Neighborhood Environments and Diet: Evaluating the Fast Food Ban in Los Angeles

社区环境和饮食：评估洛杉矶的快餐禁令

• 批准号: 8604144
• 负责人: ROLAND STURM
• 金额: $ 8.81万
• 依托单位: RAND CORPORATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-01-09 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8604144
• 关键词: Address; Adolescent; Adult; Advocate; Affect; Area; Attention; Body mass index; California; Censuses; Child; Cities; Consumption; County; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data; Data Sources; Diet; Dietary intake; Environment; Food; Fruit or Vegetable; Goals; Health; Health Food; Health Policy; Health behavior; Impact evaluation; Institute of Medicine (U.S.); International; Intervention; Interview; Licensing; Location; Los Angeles; Natural experiment; Neighborhoods; Obesity; Policies; Potato; Public Health; Reducing diet; Regulation; Reporting; Research; Research Design; Respondent; Restaurants; Role; Sample Size; Services; Supermarket; Surveys; Youth; combat; density; fast food; food environment; improved; public health relevance; sugar; sweetened beverage; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The connection between neighborhood food environments and obesity occupies a central role in policy debates. With few natural experiments to evaluate, the connection has been primarily estimated from correlations in cross-sectional data. This project will evaluate a natural experiment, namely a zoning policy that received international attention and became known as the "Los Angeles Fast Food Ban". Despite its "fast food ban" nickname, the policy is a zoning regulation that from 2008 on restricted opening or remodeling a fast food restaurant in South Los Angeles. The proponents of the policy argued that this policy would attract grocery stores and supermarkets to enhance healthy food environments in that area. The area subject to the rule has about 700,000 residents, which by itself would make it one of the 20 largest cities in the US. The LA Fast Food Ban provides a natural experiment for research to evaluate the impact of policy interventions through the food environment. Similar zoning regulations are regularly advocated as approaches to combat obesity or at least improve diets (i.e., a report by the Institute of Medicine). Yet there are no evaluations of the impact of the Los Angeles regulation on food outlets, diets, or obesity rates in the intervention or control areas. This proposed project will aso allow us to reconsider reported associations of local food environments with diets and obesity in a stronger study design. Our specific aims are: - To study changes in the composition of different types of food outlets, including fast food restaurants, full service restaurants, convenience stores, grocery stores, and supermarkets in areas subject to the regulation and unaffected areas in Los Angeles, using license data from the LA County Public Health Dept. - To study whether the ordinance led to changes in dietary intake, including consumptions of fast foods, fried potatoes, sugar-sweetened beverages, vegetables, and fruits or in body mass index/ obesity using repeated cross-sectional surveys before and after the ordinance collected by the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS). - If we find effects of the regulation on diet and obesity, we will also decompose to which extent these effects are due to changes in the food environment (the primary goal of the regulation) or a consequence of other changes in the intervention area (e.g., media attention to local diets).

描述（由申请人提供）：在政策辩论中，邻里食物环境与肥胖之间的联系占据了核心作用。对于很少的自然实验可以评估，该连接主要是根据横截面数据中的相关性估算的。该项目将评估自然实验，即一项分区政策，该实验受到国际关注，并被称为“洛杉矶快餐禁令”。尽管其“快餐禁令”的绰号，但该政策是一项分区法规，从2008年开始，在限制开业或改建了南洛杉矶的快餐店。该政策的支持者认为，这项政策将吸引杂货店和超市来增强该地区的健康食品环境。受该规则的区域约有70万居民，这本身将使它成为美国20个最大城市之一。洛杉矶快餐禁令为研究提供了自然实验，以评估通过食品环境的政策干预措施的影响。经常提倡类似的分区法规作为对抗肥胖或至少改善饮食的方法（即医学研究所的报告）。然而，没有评估洛杉矶法规对干预或控制区域中粮食媒体，饮食或肥胖率的影响。这个拟议的项目将使我们能够重新考虑在更强大的研究设计中报告当地食物环境与饮食和肥胖的关联。我们的具体目的是： - 研究不同类型的食品媒体组成的变化，包括快餐店，全服务餐厅，全面服务商店，便利店，杂货店，杂货店和洛杉矶的法规和超市，以及使用La County Public Health Dept的洛杉矶的法规和未受影响的地区的数据，用于研究饮食中的饮食习惯，包括饮食习惯，包括饮食习惯，包括饮食习惯，包括供应量的料理，包括供应量的料理，供应群的供应群体，供应群体的供应。加利福尼亚健康访谈调查（CHIS）收集的条例之前和之后，使用反复的横断面调查（CHIS）进行饮料，蔬菜和水果或体重指数/肥胖。 - 如果我们发现调节对饮食和肥胖症的影响，我们还将分解这些影响在多大程度上是由于食物环境的变化（调节的主要目标）或干预区域其他变化的结果（例如，媒体对当地饮食的关注）。