Building Research and Capacity on the Economic Policy-Tobacco Control Nexus in Af

非洲经济政策与烟草控制关系的研究和能力建设

基本信息

批准号：
8692726
负责人：
Jeffrey Drope
金额：
$ 28.22万
依托单位：
AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, INC.
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2012-08-15 至 2017-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8692726
关键词：
Address Advocate Affect Africa Africa South of the Sahara African Agreement Ally American Area Collaborations Communicable Diseases Complement Complex Conflict (Psychology)Consultations Consumption Country Data Developing Countries Disease Economic Policy Economics Educational workshop Ensure Focus Groups Foundations Gap Junctions Goals Government Government Officials Health Legislation Health Policy Home environment Industry Institution International Interview Investments Laws Legal Literature Marketing Mentorship North America Outcome Policies Process Public Health Recommendation Reliance Reporting Research Research Personnel Risk Factors Scholarship Series Solutions Statutes and Laws Students Tobacco Tobacco Industry Tobacco use Training Treaty Universities Work World Health Organization assault burden of illness civil society cohort experience falls graduate student health economics improved member multidisciplinary public policy on tobacco skills tobacco control

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The World Health Organization reports that more than 5.4 million people die each year from tobacco-related diseases. Moreover, evolving markets have generated a dramatic shift in consumption from developed to developing countries, and within a decade, more than 70% of the disease burden from tobacco will fall on developing countries. To facilitate this shift, opponents to tobacco control - led by the tobacco industry - have recently begun a widespread assault against tobacco control using international economic agreements, particularly trade and investment rules. This complex nexus of economic and public health policymaking may prove to be home to the largest threat facing tobacco control. The emerging battleground is particularly in countries with weaker capacity, more politically vulnerable governments and a greater economic reliance on tobacco, which includes particularly Sub-Saharan Africa. While there is a small literature documenting some of these recent efforts and another literature that clearly presents the competing legal arguments and some legal solutions, little is known about the political processes that frame these interactions. Understanding these processes is a crucial component to addressing this challenge: helping policymakers to develop strategies to integrate health and economic policies positively. This project aims to fill this gap by identifying rigorously how key actors are accessing the political processes domestically and internationally in order to utilize and/or change economic policies in an effort to influence tobacco control. To reach this aim, we will first collect and analyze existig data and scholarship relevant to the intersection of tobacco control and economic policies in Africa. Using expert consultation with our African partners, we will extensively interview key actors in the region, including relevant ministry officials, civil society advocates and industry representatives. We will complement these interviews with dynamic focus group sessions across the region involving key stakeholders in the processes around the public health-economic policy nexus. One of the project's principal aims is to improve capacity in these vital substantive areas in the region. Accordingly, there will be close coordination among the HIC and African co-investigators, not only for research collaboration, but also to train a select cohort of advanced graduate students in African and North American universities who focus specifically on the political economy of tobacco control in developing countries. As the final component of our capacity-building strategy, the multi-disciplinary team will present the key findings to major stakeholders - policymakers, advocates and scholars - in a series of workshops across the region that will offer specific recommendations for how to develop and implement effective public health and economic policies that co-exist positively. The workshops will be accompanied by a corresponding set of country-specific policy briefs that will also be distributed to key stakeholders unable to attend a workshop.

描述（由申请人提供）：世界卫生组织报告说，每年有超过540万人死于与烟草有关的疾病。此外，不断发展的市场已经从发达国家转移到了发展中国家，在十年之内，烟草疾病负担的70％以上将落在发展中国家。为了促进这一转变，由烟草行业领导的烟草控制的反对者最近开始使用国际经济协议，尤其是贸易和投资规则对烟草控制进行广泛攻击。这种复杂的经济和公共卫生决策联系可能被证明是面临烟草控制面临的最大威胁的家园。新兴战场尤其是在能力较弱，政治上脆弱的政府以及对烟草的更大经济依赖的国家中，其中包括特别是撒哈拉以南非洲。虽然有一篇小文献记录了其中一些最近的努力，而另一种文献清楚地提出了竞争性的法律论点和一些法律解决方案，但对构成这些互动的政治过程知之甚少。理解这些过程是应对这一挑战的关键组成部分：帮助决策者制定策略以积极地融合健康和经济政策。该项目旨在通过严格地确定关键参与者如何在国内和国际上访问政治过程，以利用和/或改变经济政策以影响烟草控制，以填补这一空白。为了实现这一目标，我们将首先收集和分析与非洲烟草控制和经济政策相关的存在的数据和奖学金。利用与非洲合作伙伴的专家咨询，我们将广泛采访该地区的主要参与者，包括相关的事工官员，民间社会倡导者和行业代表。我们将与整个地区的动态焦点小组会议进行补充，涉及主要利益相关者参与公共卫生经济政策Nexus的过程。该项目的主要目的之一是提高该地区这些重要实质领域的能力。因此，HIC和非洲共同投资者之间将进行密切协调非洲和北美大学的高级研究生，他们专门关注发展中国家烟草控制的政治经济学。作为我们能力建设策略的最终组成部分，多学科团队将在整个地区的一系列讲习班中向主要利益相关者（政策制定者，倡导者和学者）介绍关键发现，这些研究将为如何制定和实施有效的公共卫生和经济政策，以共同存在积极的有效的公共卫生和经济政策。这些研讨会将伴随一套相应的国家特定政策摘要，还将分发给无法参加研讨会的主要利益相关者。