Striatal Dopamine Release in Response to Ultraviolet Light in Compulsive Tanners

强迫性晒黑者对紫外线的反应中纹状体多巴胺的释放

基本信息

批准号：
8519310
负责人：
BRYON H. ADINOFF
金额：
$ 16.99万
依托单位：
UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2012-08-01 至 2014-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8519310
关键词：
123I-IBZM Alcohols American Anterior Beds Behavior Binding Biologic Characteristic Biological Brain Brain region Carcinogens Cerebrovascular Circulation Cessation of life Clinical Cocaine Corpus striatum structure Cosmetics Data Dermatologic Development Diagnosis Dopamine Dorsal Emission-Computed Tomography Environment Exhibits Exploratory/Developmental Grant Exposure to Frequencies Future Gender General Population Genes Genetic Polymorphism Goals Heating Human Incidence Insula of Reil Intervention Life Light Malignant Neoplasms Measures Medial Mental disorders Monitor Morbidity - disease rate Neuraxis Neurobiology Nicotine Obesity Opioid Pathway interactions Pharmacological Treatment Photons Play Population Property Prospective Studies Radiation-Induced Change Recording of previous events Relative (related person)Reporting Rewards Sample Size Severities Signs and Symptoms Skin Skin Cancer Skin Carcinoma Skin tanning Sun Exposure Sunburn Sunlight Synaptic Receptors System Testing UV Radiation Exposure Ultraviolet B Radiation Ultraviolet Rays United Nations United States Dept. of Health and Human Services Visit World Health Organization addiction adverse outcome age group base craving experience insight melanoma mortality novel programs public health relevance putamen receptor receptor density relating to nervous system response sex single photon emission computed tomography

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): UV radiation has recently been classified as a known human carcinogen by the US Department of Health and Human Services. Nevertheless, the voluntary exposure to sunlight continues unabated despite progressively increasing rates of ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced illness and death, particularly skin cancer. An increasingly common form of UVR administration is through the use of indoor tanning salons. Almost 30 million Americans, including 20% of 18-39 year olds, visit indoor tanning salons each year. Frequent and excessive tanning, despite a growing understanding by those who tan of the morbidity and mortality associated with tanning, suggests that UVR may impart rewarding effects beyond the assumed cosmetic benefits. Recent studies, in fact, have shown that up to 40% of both frequent beach and salon tanners exhibit signs and symptoms consistent with an addictive disorder, including an inability to decrease their tanning frequencies, compulsive tanning, and/or continued tanning despite adverse consequences. To empirically measure putative centrally rewarding properties of UVR, we assessed the effects of a commercially available tanning bed upon regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), a measure of brain activity, using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Compulsive salon bed tanners were placed under a UVA/UVB tanning light during two sessions; one session with active UVR and the other with filtered UVR (sham UVR). During the active UVR session, relative to sham UVR session, subjects demonstrated both a significant decrease in Desire to Tan and a relative increase in rCBF of the dorsal striatum (including caudate and putamen), anterior insula, and medial orbitofrontal cortex. These preliminary findings suggest that UVR may have centrally rewarding properties that encourage excessive tanning. As the mesostriatal dopaminergic pathway plays a key role in reward and addiction, we propose to extend these novel findings by using 123I-IBZM to determine if 1) dopamine is released during UVR (as is observed in response to other rewards), 2) basal D2/D3 receptors are lower in compulsive tanners relative to infrequent tanners (a finding commonly observed in other addictive disorders), and 3) whether dopamine efflux in response to UVR, relative to sham UVR, differs between compulsive and infrequent tanners. If our hypotheses are proven correct, these findings will support a dermatologic-mesostriatal reward pathway, confirm a neurobiological, reward-based mechanism for compulsive tanning behaviors, demonstrate underlying biological characteristics similar to other addictive disorders (supporting an "addiction" diagnosis for compulsive tanners), offer a framework for future studies to examine dermatologic-mesostriatal pathways, and provide a rationale for the development of pharmacological treatments for compulsive tanning. Data obtained by the R21 mechanism will also inform prospective studies regarding the power necessary to demonstrate statistical significance between hypothesized comparisons not reaching significance in this preliminary study.

描述（由申请人提供）：美国卫生与公共服务部最近将UV辐射归类为已知的人类致癌物。尽管如此，尽管紫外线辐射（UVR）诱发的疾病和死亡，尤其是皮肤癌，但自愿暴露于阳光仍然没有减弱。 UVR给药越来越常见的形式是使用室内晒黑沙龙。每年有近3000万美国人，其中包括18-39岁的20％的美国人，参观室内晒黑沙龙。尽管晒黑的人越来越了解与晒黑相关的发病率和死亡率的人越来越多，但频繁的晒黑表明，UVR可能会带来超出假定的化妆品益处的奖励效果。实际上，最近的研究表明，多达40％的频繁海滩和沙龙晒黑剂表现出与成瘾性疾病一致的体征和症状，包括无法减少其晒黑的频率，强迫性的晒黑和/或持续晒黑，尽管有不良后果。为了从经验上测量UVR的中心奖励性质，我们使用单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）评估了商业上可用的晒黑床对脑活动的区域脑血流（RCBF）的影响。在两次会议期间，将强迫性沙龙床晒黑放在UVA/UVB晒黑灯下。一个带有主动UVR的会话，另一个带有过滤的UVR（sham UVR）的会话。在活动的UVR疗程中，相对于假UVR会话，受试者既表现出棕褐色的欲望的显着下降，又显示了背纹状体（包括尾状和壳骨），岛屿岛岛的RCBF，以及中间的轨道胸膜中间皮质。这些初步发现表明，UVR可能具有鼓励过度晒黑的集中奖励性能。 As the mesostriatal dopaminergic pathway plays a key role in reward and addiction, we propose to extend these novel findings by using 123I-IBZM to determine if 1) dopamine is released during UVR (as is observed in response to other rewards), 2) basal D2/D3 receptors are lower in compulsive tanners relative to infrequent tanners (a finding commonly observed in other addictive disorders), 3）多巴胺对UVR的外排是否相对于假UVR，在强迫性和不频繁的晒黑器之间有所不同。如果我们的假设被证明是正确的，这些发现将支持皮肤病学奖励途径，确认一种针对强迫性晒黑行为的神经生物学，基于奖励的机制，证明了基本的生物学特征，类似于其他成瘾性疾病（支持“成瘾者）为未来的研究提供了一种强迫性tann剂的诊断）开发用于强迫晒黑的药理治疗的理由。通过R21机制获得的数据还将为前瞻性研究提供信息，以证明在这项初步研究中未达到显着性的假设比较之间所必需的能力。