Behavioral and physiological studies of sound localization

声音定位的行为和生理研究

基本信息

批准号：
8580196
负责人：
Tom C.T. Yin
金额：
$ 30.23万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2004-12-01 至 2014-11-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8580196
关键词：
Acoustics Animals Area Attenuated Auditory Auditory area Auditory system Behavior Behavioral Biological Models Brain Brain Stem Cell Nucleus Cells Coupled Cues Defect Ear Exhibits External Ear Eye Face Facial nerve nucleus Felis catus Goals Grant Head Head Movements Hearing Human Image Inferior Colliculus Lead Medial Mediating Midbrain structure Modeling Motor Motor Neurons Movement Muscle Nature Output Patients Pattern Performance Physiological Play Preparation Process Psychophysics Reflex action Relative (related person)Reticular Formation Retina Role Semicircular canal structure Series Site Sound Localization Source Space Perception Speech Structure System Testing Visual Walking Withdrawal binaural hearing design external ear auricle motor control neuromechanism neuronal circuitry oculomotor precedence effect programs public health relevance relating to nervous system research study response social sound stretch reflex superior colliculus Corpora quadrigemina vestibulo-ocular reflex

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall aim of this project is to understand the neural mechanisms of sound localization. These results will help us understand how the brain integrates auditory information from the two ears and produces orienting movements of the head, eyes, and ears to allow close visual and auditory inspection of targets. The experiments are designed to test the relative roles of two circuits that arise in the auditory brainstem to encode the cues necessary to localize sounds and generate the motor programs that orient the head, eyes and ears to the acoustic target. One circuit involves the midbrain nuclei of the inferior and superior colliculi with outputs to motor circuits in the brainstem from the deep layers of the superior colliculus. The other circuit involves projections from the inferior colliculus to the medial geniculate and primary auditory cortex. By inactivating the cortex or the midbrain, the relative roles of these two circuits in orienting behavior will be determined. The second aim will examine the vestibulo-auricular reflex by testing for the reflex following inactivation of the semicircular canals in the vestibular system. We will plug the semicircular canals and hypothesize that this will greatly attenuate the reflex. In animals with mobile pinnae, it is hypothesized that the reflex serves to stabilize the auditory world just like the vestibulo-ocular reflex stabilizes images on the retina in the presence of head movements. The final aim will study the circuitry that moves the pinna as a model motor system and compare it with the well-known oculomotor circuit. We will also examine the effect of immobilizing the pinna on sound localization performance.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的总体目的是了解声音定位的神经机制。这些结果将有助于我们了解大脑如何整合两只耳朵的听觉信息，并产生头部，眼睛和耳朵的方向运动，以允许对目标进行仔细的视觉和听觉检查。该实验旨在测试在听觉脑干中出现的两个电路的相对作用，以编码定位声音所需的线索并生成将头部，眼睛和耳朵定向到声学目标的运动程序。一个电路涉及下丘和上丘的中脑核，并从上丘的深层向脑干中的运动电路输出。另一个电路涉及从下丘的投影到内侧遗传和原发性听觉皮层。通过使皮质或中脑失活，将确定这两个电路在定向行为中的相对作用。第二个目的将通过测试前庭系统中半圆形管失活后的反射来检查前庭反射。我们将插入半圆形管，并假设这将大大减轻反射。在具有移动针刺的动物中，可以假设这种反射可以稳定听觉世界，就像前座上的反射在存在头部运动的情况下可以稳定在视网膜上的图像。最终目标将研究将PINNA作为模型电机系统移动的电路，并将其与众所周知的动眼电路进行比较。我们还将研究固定PINNA对声音定位性能的影响。