Disinhibition and Acute Response to Alcohol in European and African Americans

欧洲和非裔美国人的去抑制和对酒精的急性反应

• 批准号: 8624650
• 负责人: Sarah L Pedersen
• 金额: $ 15.05万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-04-10 至 2017-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8624650
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Adult; African American; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcoholism; Alcohols; American; Arousal; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Beverages; Blood Pressure; Child; Data; Decision Making; Discrimination; Disinhibition; Environment; Esthesia; Etiology; European; Future; Heart Rate; Impulsivity; Individual; Intervention; Laboratories; Laboratory Study; Lead; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Measurement; Measures; Mentored Research Scientist Development Award; Methods; Moods; Participant; Pathway interactions; Physiological; Population; Preventive Intervention; Process; Protocols documentation; Questionnaires; Race; Recording of previous events; Recruitment Activity; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Rewards; Risk; Risk Factors; Task Performances; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; alcohol abstinence; alcohol consequences; alcohol effect; alcohol related problem; alcohol response; alcohol use disorder; base; career development; contextual factors; design; drinking; drinking behavior; experience; follow-up; health disparity; innovation; peer; programs; racial difference; research and development; response; sobriety; statistics; trait; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overarching aim of this Mentored Research Scientist Development Award (K01) is to provide a 5-year career development and research program that will enable the candidate to conduct innovative research on the alcoholism risk process of African Americans. African Americans are more likely to abstain from alcohol compared to European Americans. However, among those who drink alcohol, African Americans are more likely than European Americans to experience problems. The proposed project will study this discrepancy by utilizing laboratory and naturalistic assessments to examine racial differences in two widely studied risk factors for alcohol use disorders: response to alcohol and behavioral disinhibition. Research participants will be drawn from a population of young adults with maximal variability in behavioral disinhibition: adults with (and without) histories of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The addition of naturalistic assessments will increase the ecological validity of the findings which is especially important when studying racial group differences. Participants will be recruited from ongoing longitudinal studies of children with ADHD (PI: Molina; AA11873; DA85553; MH53554). An even number of European (n = 60) and African American (n = 60) adult drinkers will be recruited and matched across race on recent drinking behavior. An even number of participants with and without ADHD histories will be recruited. Participants will complete 3 behavioral disinhibition tasks in two laboratory sessions (alcohol and non-alcohol beverage control) and questionnaires. Response to alcohol will be assessed 7 times after alcohol consumption. Participants will then complete a 10- day ecological momentary assessment period in their natural environment. T hey will respond to random prompts throughout the day to report mood, risky decision making, and environment. Participants will also initiate responding upon drinking alcohol to capture subjective response to alcohol and consequences of alcohol use. Follow-up assessments will be conducted 6 months later. The proposed project has three specific research aims: 1) Test racial differences in acute response to alcohol. 2) Test racial differences in behavioral disinhibition while sober and intoxicated. 3) Examine racial differences in the association between acute response to alcohol and intoxicated behavioral disinhibition; incorporate context-specific factors that may facilitate this association. The candidate will receive in-depth trainingin the multi-modal assessment of behavioral disinhibition, ecological momentary assessment techniques, advanced statistics, and multi-cultural training with an emphasis on the African American culture. Upon completion, the candidate will be poised to conduct high-impact research that links lab and naturalistic assessments to understand the etiology of alcohol use disorders across races. Results will inform future intervention efforts designed to decrease alcohol-related problems experienced by African Americans.

描述（由申请人提供）：这一指导研究科学家发展奖（K01）的总体目的是提供一项为期5年的职业发展和研究计划，该计划将使候选人能够对非裔美国人酒精中毒风险过程进行创新研究。与欧洲人相比，非裔美国人更有可能戒酒。但是，在喝酒的人中，非裔美国人比欧洲人更有可能遇到问题。拟议的项目将通过利用实验室和自然主义评估来研究这一差异，以检查两个广泛研究的酒精使用危险因素的种族差异：对酒精和行为抑制的反应。研究参与者将从行为抑制作用最大变化的年轻人中得出：注意缺乏注意力/多动症（ADHD）的成年人（且没有）历史。自然主义评估的增加将提高发现结果的生态有效性，这在研究种族群体差异时尤其重要。 参与者将从正在进行的ADHD儿童的纵向研究中招募（PI：Molina; AA11873; DA85553; MH53554）。在最近的饮酒行为方面，将在比赛中招募和匹配偶数欧洲人（n = 60）和非裔美国人（n = 60）的成年饮酒者。将招募有和没有多动症历史的参与者偶数。参与者将在两个实验室会议（酒精和非酒精饮料控制）和问卷中完成3项行为抑制任务。饮酒后将评估对酒精的反应。然后，参与者将在自然环境中完成10天的生态瞬时评估期。这将全天响应随机提示，以报告情绪，危险的决策和环境。参与者还将在喝酒时发起反应，以捕获对酒精和饮酒后果的主观反应。随访评估将在6个月后进行。 拟议的项目具有三个特定的研究目的：1）测试对酒精急性反应的种族差异。 2）在清醒和陶醉的同时，测试行为抑制的种族差异。 3）检查急性对酒精反应与醉酒行为抑制作用之间关联的种族差异；结合了可能有助于这种关联的上下文特异性因素。候选人将在行为抑制，生态瞬时评估技术，高级统计和多元文化培训的多模式评估中进行深入培训，重点是非裔美国人文化。完成后，候选人将有望进行高影响力的研究，以将实验室和自然主义评估联系起来，以了解种族中酒精使用障碍的病因。结果将为未来的干预工作提供旨在减少非裔美国人遇到的与酒精有关的问题的工作。