NEIGHBORHOOD, FAMILY AND INDIVIDUAL FACTORS IN ADOLESCENT DRINKING

青少年饮酒的邻里、家庭和个人因素

基本信息

批准号：
8506595
负责人：
ANDREW C. HEATH
金额：
$ 30.2万
依托单位：
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-09-01 至 2017-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8506595
关键词：
Address Adolescence Adult Affect Age Distribution Age of Onset Alcohol consumption Alcohols Area Behavioral Censuses Characteristics Child Abuse Collection Communities Crime Data Data Collection Development Disadvantaged Economic Conditions Effectiveness Environment Environmental Risk Factor Epidemiology Exposure to Family Female Female Adolescents Genes Genetic Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genetic Risk Geographic Information Systems Health Hereditary Disease Individual Individual Differences Interview Intoxication Light Link Location Measures Mental disorders Missouri Morbidity - disease rate Nature Neighborhoods Patient Self-Report Pattern Population Preventive Intervention Prospective Studies Psychopathology Recording of previous events Recruitment Activity Relative (related person)Research Resources Risk Risk Factors Rural Sampling Self-control as a personality trait Social Conditions Social Controls Social Environment Social Mobility Staging Taxes Technology Testing Time Twin Multiple Birth Twin Studies Variant Youth alcohol abuse therapy alcohol availability alcohol behavior alcohol misuse alcohol related problem alcohol use disorder alcohol use initiation burden of illness cohort critical period density of AOD outlets deprivation drinking early adolescence emerging adult experience gene environment interaction high risk innovation mortality parental alcoholism public health relevance public policy on alcohol residence role model social socioeconomics theories underage drinking young adult

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Excessive alcohol use is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, leading to extensive research identifying factors associated with increased risks for the development of excessive alcohol use and for experiencing alcohol-related harm. Identified risk factors have spanned a number of distinct domains including contextual effects (e.g., alcohol outlet density, neighborhood social disadvantage) familial and individual specific environmental influences (e.g., parental separation, childhood abuse) and individual factors (e.g., genetic vulnerability, history of psychopathology). Typically, however, there has been limited integration across domains. Some have suggested that area-level factors, such as neighborhood conditions, may be more relevant to the theory of gene-environment (GE) interplay than other social factors. First, some individuals may be more frequently exposed to certain social contexts (e.g. neighborhoods with higher alcohol outlet density) as a consequence of their drinking (e.g. self-selection). Second, neighborhood conditions may enhance or constrain the relative influence of genetic influences on alcohol-related behaviors, by serving as an immediate form of social control that limits the manifestation of latent characteristics. We propose to add innovative measures of neighborhood environment (e.g. alcohol outlet density), generated using Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies, to previously collected data on a female adolescent twin cohort (N=1700 twin pairs), followed across multiple waves of assessment into young adulthood. This will allow us to better characterize the separate contributions of neighborhood, family and individual factors to early initiation of alcohol use (a major risk factor for subsequent excessive alcohol use), onset o drinking to intoxication, as well as heaviness of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems. It will also allow us to test both for self- selection effects (i.e. whether genetic and environmental factors influencing neighborhood choice and alcohol- related behaviors are correlated), identifying individual and family factors that may influence choice of residence in young adulthood and for moderation of genetic influences by neighborhood environment (i.e. gene-environment interaction). Thus, our proposed research will inform both ecological and epidemiological research traditions on alcohol use disorders. Such research may shed new light on the nature, scope, and effectiveness of local alcohol control policies depending on the mechanism by which neighborhood conditions and genetic liabilities covary or interact or to affect alcohol use.

描述（由申请人提供）：过度使用饮酒与相当大的发病率和死亡率有关，从而导致广泛的研究确定因素与增加过量饮酒和遭受与酒精相关的危害的风险增加相关的因素。确定的危险因素已经跨越了许多不同的领域，包括上下文影响（例如酒精出口密度，社区社会劣势）家庭和个人特定环境影响（例如，父母分离，儿童虐待）和个体因素（例如，遗传脆弱性，精神病学史）。但是，通常，跨域的集成有限。一些人认为，与其他社会因素相比，面积级别的因素（例如邻里条件）可能与基因环境理论（GE）相互作用更相关。首先，由于饮酒的结果（例如自我选择），有些人可能更频繁地暴露于某些社会环境（例如，酒精出口密度较高的社区）。其次，邻里条件可以通过作为限制潜在特征表现的社会控制的直接形式来增强或限制遗传影响对与酒精相关行为的相对影响。我们建议将使用地理信息系统（GIS）技术产生的邻里环境（例如酒精出口密度）的创新度量添加到以前收集的关于女性青少年双胞胎队列（n = 1700个双胞胎对）的数据，然后跨越了多个评估年轻人的年轻人。这将使我们能够更好地表征邻里，家庭和个人因素对早期饮酒（随后过度饮酒的主要危险因素）的单独贡献，饮酒以醉酒以及酒精消费和与酒精有关的问题的沉重。它还将使我们能够测试自我选择效应（即影响邻里选择和与酒精相关行为的遗传和环境因素是否相关），确定可能影响年轻成年期间居住选择的个人和家庭因素，以及邻里环境（即基因环境相互作用）对遗传影响的适度影响。因此，我们拟议的研究将为关于酒精使用障碍的生态和流行病学研究传统提供信息。此类研究可能会根据邻里条件和遗传负债的共同或互动或影响饮酒的机制，对当地酒精控制政策的性质，范围和有效性进行新的启示。