Asymmetric Lewis Base Catalysis in Main Group Chemistry

主族化学中的不对称路易斯碱催化

• 批准号: 8213452
• 负责人: Scott Eric Denmark
• 金额: $ 28.95万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-03-22 至 2014-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8213452
• 关键词: Acids; Alkenes; Bromine; Carbon; Catalysis; Charge; Chemicals; Chemistry; Chlorine; Constitutional; Coupling; Development; Elements; Esters; Foundations; Frequencies; Heating; Intercept; Investigation; Iodine; Ions; Ketones; Kinetics; Learning; Ligands; Methods; Nitrogen; Oxygen; Process; Reaction; Reagent; Research Proposals; Salts; Scheme; Structure; Sulfur; Transition Elements; Variant; azobis(isobutyronitrile); base; chemical reaction; design; electron density; oxidation; programs; public health relevance

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The primary objectives of this proposal are: (1) to demonstrate the concept of Lewis base activation of Lewis acids (Gutmann electron density polarization) as it applies to electrophilic species in Groups 16 and 17 in the Main Group, (2) to develop catalytic variants of classical main group reactions for which catalysis has yet to be realized, (3) to learn the structure/reactivity correlations and the rules for achieving high catalytic activity (turnover frequencies and turnover numbers) for the target reactions, (4) to design chiral Lewis bases that will impart high stereoselectivity and high chemical conversion for the introduction of new carbon and heteroatom substituted stereocenters, and (5) carry out detailed mechanistic (kinetics, spectroscopic, crystallographic, computational) investigations of the newly-invented catalytic reactions described below. The first major effort will be the development of catalytic, enantioselective variants of the most common reactions of electrophilic Group 16 and 17 reagents. Direct functionalization and cyclofunctionalization of alkenes bearing a tethered nucleophile (oxygen, nitrogen, carbon) is a powerful method for creating stereodefined chains, heterocycles and carbocycles. These reactions are efficiently initiated by electrophilic sulfur(II), chlorine(I), bromine(I), and iodine(I) reagents The design of Lewis bases to catalyze and control the constitutional and enantiofacial selectivity will constitute a major component of this program. The synthetic manipulation of the enantiomerically enriched, sulfur-containing products constitutes the second major activity. In addition to well-known functional manipulations, new, stereocontrolled, constructive replacements of the C-S bond that employ transition metal catalyzed coupling and direct ligand coupling reactions will be developed. A third major effort will be the invention, development, and exploration of a new subclass of Lewis base catalyzed reactions that employs higher oxidation state iodine(III) reagents for carbon-carbon bond formation. Catalysis of the ligand coupling reaction of iodonium salts is unprecedented and will be investigated for the construction of enantiomerically enriched ?-aryl, ?-alkenyl, ?-alkynyl, and also potentially ?-aryl substituted ketones and esters. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This research proposal aims to develop a fundamentally new class of catalytic reactions of the main group elements, sulfur, chlorine, bromine, and iodine in various oxidation states. The conceptual foundation for the ability of Lewis bases to activate the electrophilic character of these elements has almost unlimited potential. Already, catalysis is involved in the processing of nearly a trillion dollars worth of goods produced annually in the US, and our contribution is for chemical reactions for which there is currently no catalytic process.

描述（由申请人提供）：该提案的主要目标是：（1）演示路易斯酸的路易斯碱活化（古特曼电子密度极化）的概念，因为它适用于主族中第 16 族和第 17 族的亲电子物质，（2）开发尚未实现催化作用的经典主族反应的催化变体，（3）学习结构/反应性相关性以及实现高催化活性（周转频率和周转数）的规则目标反应，(4) 设计手性路易斯碱，该碱将赋予高立体选择性和高化学转化率，以引入新的碳和杂原子取代的立体中心，(5) 进行详细的机理（动力学、光谱、晶体学、计算）研究新发明的催化反应如下所述。第一个主要工作将是开发 16 族和 17 族亲电子试剂最常见反应的催化、对映选择性变体。带有束缚亲核试剂（氧、氮、碳）的烯烃的直接官能化和环官能化是创建立体链、杂环和碳环的有效方法。这些反应由亲电子硫 (II)、氯 (I)、溴 (I) 和碘 (I) 试剂有效引发。设计路易斯碱来催化和控制结构和对映选择性将构成该计划的主要组成部分。对映体富集的含硫产物的合成操作构成了第二个主要活动。除了众所周知的功能操作之外，还将开发采用过渡金属催化偶联和直接配体偶联反应的 C-S 键的新型立体控制结构取代。第三项主要努力将是发明、开发和探索路易斯碱催化反应的新子类，该反应采用更高氧化态的碘（III）试剂来形成碳-碳键。碘鎓盐配体偶联反应的催化是前所未有的，将被研究用于构建对映体富集的α-芳基、β-烯基、β-炔基以及潜在的α-芳基取代的酮和酯。 公共健康相关性：本研究计划旨在开发主族元素硫、氯、溴和碘在各种氧化态下的全新催化反应。路易斯碱激活这些元素亲电子特性的能力的概念基础几乎具有无限的潜力。美国每年生产的价值近万亿美元的商品的加工过程中已经用到了催化技术，而我们的贡献是针对目前尚无催化过程的化学反应。