Topographic mapping of a hierarchy of temporal receptive windows using natural st

使用自然模型对时间接收窗口层次结构进行地形图绘制

• 批准号: 8753215
• 负责人: Uri Hasson
• 金额: $ 2.67万
• 依托单位: PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8753215
• 关键词: Affect; Area; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Auditory; Auditory area; Brain; Brain region; Clinical; Cognition Disorders; Cognitive; Complex; Data Collection; Electroencephalography; Electrophysiology (science); Event; Exhibits; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Impairment; Language; Learning; Length; Life; Light; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Neurons; Pathway interactions; Positioning Attribute; Procedures; Process; Process Measure; Property; Recording of previous events; Research; Resolution; Running; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Staging; Stimulus; Techniques; Testing; Time; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual system structure; analytical tool; base; blood oxygenation level dependent response; extrastriate visual cortex; lectures; millisecond; movie; neuromechanism; novel; psychologic; receptive field; relating to nervous system; research study; response; sensory cortex; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Space and time are two fundamental properties of our physical and psychological realms. We recently proposed that the brain uses similar strategies for integrating information over space and throughout time. It is well established that neurons along visual cortical pathways have increasingly large spatial receptive fields (SRFs). This is a basic organizing principle of the visual system; neurons in higher-level visual areas receive input from low-level neurons with smaller receptive fields, thereby accumulating information over space. Drawing a parallel with SRF, we defined the temporal receptive window (TRW) of a neuron as the length of time prior to a response during which sensory information may affect that response. We argue that, as with SRFs, the topographical organization of the TRWs is distributed and hierarchical. The accumulation of information over time is distributed in the sense that each brain area has the capacity to accumulate information over time. The processing is hierarchical because the capacity of each TRW increases from early sensory areas to higher order perceptual and cognitive areas. Early sensory cortices such as the primary auditory or visual cortex have relatively small SRFs and short TRWs (up to hundreds of milliseconds), while higher-order areas have relatively large SRFs and long TRWs (i.e. can accumulate information over long periods of time). The goal of this proposal is to test this novel hypothesis by characterizing TRWs throughout the cortical hierarchy using temporally extended naturalistic stimuli. Using two complementary methods, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG), we will develop novel experimental paradigms and analytic tools to measure processing time scales and to probe the underline neural mechanisms by which brain areas accumulate information over time. A better understanding of how the brain accumulates and integrates information over time may shed light on various cognitive disorders as ADHD, learning impairments, and schizophrenia, which often involve difficulties with synthesizing information over time.

描述（由申请人提供）：空间和时间是我们身体和心理领域的两个基本属性。我们最近提出，大脑使用类似的策略来整合空间和时间上的信息。众所周知，视觉皮层通路上的神经元具有越来越大的空间感受野（SRF）。这是视觉系统的基本组织原则；高层视觉区域的神经元接收来自感受野较小的低层神经元的输入，从而在空间上积累信息。与 SRF 类似，我们将神经元的时间接受窗口 (TRW) 定义为响应之前的时间长度，在此期间感觉信息可能会影响该响应。我们认为，与 SRF 一样，TRW 的地形组织是分布式且分层的。随着时间的推移，信息的积累是分布的，因为每个大脑区域都有能力随着时间的推移积累信息。处理是分层的，因为每个 TRW 的容量从早期感觉区域增加到更高阶的感知和认知区域。早期感觉皮层，如初级听觉或视觉皮层，具有相对较小的SRF和较短的TRW（长达数百毫秒），而高阶区域具有相对较大的SRF和较长的TRW（即可以长时间积累信息）。该提案的目标是通过使用时间扩展的自然刺激来表征整个皮质层次结构中的 TRW 来测试这一新假设。使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）和颅内脑电图（iEEG）这两种互补方法，我们将开发新的实验范式和分析工具来测量处理时间尺度并探索大脑区域随时间积累信息的潜在神经机制。更好地了解大脑如何随着时间的推移积累和整合信息可能有助于了解各种认知障碍，如注意力缺陷多动症、学习障碍和精神分裂症，这些障碍通常涉及随着时间的推移合成信息的困难。