Topographic mapping of a hierarchy of temporal receptive windows using natural st

使用自然模型对时间接收窗口层次结构进行地形图绘制

• 批准号: 8448786
• 负责人: Uri Hasson
• 金额: $ 37.68万
• 依托单位: PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-07-07 至 2016-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8448786
• 关键词: Affect; Area; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Auditory; Auditory area; Brain; Brain region; Clinical; Cognition Disorders; Cognitive; Complex; Data Collection; Electroencephalography; Electrophysiology (science); Event; Exhibits; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Impairment; Language; Learning; Length; Life; Light; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Neurons; Pathway interactions; Positioning Attribute; Procedures; Process; Process Measure; Property; Recording of previous events; Research; Resolution; Running; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Staging; Stimulus; Techniques; Testing; Time; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual system structure; analytical tool; base; blood oxygenation level dependent response; extrastriate visual cortex; lectures; millisecond; movie; neuromechanism; novel; psychologic; receptive field; relating to nervous system; research study; response; sensory cortex; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Space and time are two fundamental properties of our physical and psychological realms. We recently proposed that the brain uses similar strategies for integrating information over space and throughout time. It is well established that neurons along visual cortical pathways have increasingly large spatial receptive fields (SRFs). This is a basic organizing principle of the visual system; neurons in higher-level visual areas receive input from low-level neurons with smaller receptive fields, thereby accumulating information over space. Drawing a parallel with SRF, we defined the temporal receptive window (TRW) of a neuron as the length of time prior to a response during which sensory information may affect that response. We argue that, as with SRFs, the topographical organization of the TRWs is distributed and hierarchical. The accumulation of information over time is distributed in the sense that each brain area has the capacity to accumulate information over time. The processing is hierarchical because the capacity of each TRW increases from early sensory areas to higher order perceptual and cognitive areas. Early sensory cortices such as the primary auditory or visual cortex have relatively small SRFs and short TRWs (up to hundreds of milliseconds), while higher-order areas have relatively large SRFs and long TRWs (i.e. can accumulate information over long periods of time). The goal of this proposal is to test this novel hypothesis by characterizing TRWs throughout the cortical hierarchy using temporally extended naturalistic stimuli. Using two complementary methods, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG), we will develop novel experimental paradigms and analytic tools to measure processing time scales and to probe the underline neural mechanisms by which brain areas accumulate information over time. A better understanding of how the brain accumulates and integrates information over time may shed light on various cognitive disorders as ADHD, learning impairments, and schizophrenia, which often involve difficulties with synthesizing information over time.

描述（由申请人提供）：空间和时间是我们身体和心理领域的两个基本特性。我们最近提出，大脑使用类似的策略来整合空间和整个时间。众所周知，沿视觉皮层途径的神经元具有越来越大的空间接受场（SRF）。这是视觉系统的基本组织原理。高级视觉区域中的神经元从低级神经元接收具有较小接收场的低级神经元的输入，从而在空间上积累了信息。与SRF平行绘制平行线，我们将神经元的时间接受窗口（TRW）定义为响应之前的时间长度，在此响应中，感觉信息可能会影响该响应。我们认为，与SRF一样，TRW的地形组织是分发和层次结构的。随着时间的推移，信息的积累是从每个大脑区域都有能力随时间累积的能力的意义上分布的。该处理是分层的，因为每个TRW的能力从早期的感觉领域增加到高阶感知和认知领域。早期的感觉皮质（例如初级听觉或视觉皮层）的SRF相对较小，TRW短（多达数百毫秒），而高阶区域的SRF则具有相对较大的SRF和长TRW（即可以在长时间内积累信息）。该提案的目的是通过使用时间扩展的自然主义刺激来表征整个皮质层次结构的TRW来检验这一新假设。使用两种互补方法，功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）和颅内脑电图（IEEG），我们将开发新的实验范式和分析工具，以测量处理时间范围并探测下列神经机制的下划线神经机制，通过哪些大脑区域随时间累积信息。更好地理解大脑如何随着时间的推移积累和整合信息，可能会阐明各种认知障碍，如多动症，学习障碍和精神分裂症，这通常涉及随着时间的推移综合信息的困难。