Pulmonary Toxicology Facility Core

肺毒理学设施核心

• 批准号: 8279694
• 负责人: Peter S Thorne
• 金额: $ 22万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-05-01 至 2017-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8279694
• 关键词: Address; Agriculture; Angiosperms; Applications Grants; Area; Cell Respiration; Childhood Asthma; Climate; Clinical Medicine; Cohort Studies; Collaborations; Community Health; Community Outreach; Core Facility; Data; Disasters; Drainage procedure; Dust; Educational workshop; Emergency Situation; Environment; Environmental Health; Environmental Pollution; Equipment; Floods; Future; Genomics; Goals; Grant; Health; Health Personnel; Health Resources; Host Defense; Inflammation; Insecta; Iowa; Livestock; Lung; Lung diseases; Malignant Neoplasms; Manure; Mentors; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Natural Immunity; Outreach Research; Oxidative Stress; Paper; Pathway interactions; Pesticides; Physicians; Plants; Policies; Policy Maker; Pollen; Population; Production; Public Health; Public Health Practice; Readiness; Recruitment Activity; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Rural; Rural Health; Science; Scientist; Surface; System; Techniques; Toxicology; Translating; Translational Research; Universities; Vision; Wages; base; bioimaging; career; career development; climate change; college; density; disorder prevention; environmental intervention; farmer; fungus; health science research; improved; innovation; insight; lung injury; lung repair; meetings; member; metabolomics; nanotoxicology; outreach; outreach program; pesticide exposure; population based; population health; programs; sound

1.1 INTRODUCTION AND VISION STATEMENT Since its inception in 1990, Environmental Health Sciences Research Center (EHSRC) at the University of Iowa (U.I.) has advanced and translated research that addresses environmental health problems across the urban-rural continuum. Our early research was focused on organic dust exposure and lung disease, pesticide exposure and cancer, rural childhood asthma, and community health problems arising from industrialized livestock production. While studies in these arenas continue, we have also encompassed areas of emerging importance such as nanotoxicology, oxidative stress and innate immunity and have applied new innovations in environmental genomics, advanced metabolomics, environmental intervention cohort studies and state-of-the-art biomedical imaging. As future environmental health issues come to light, we will continue to embrace their challenges through vigorous research, outreach and community engagement. For example, in the wake of the Iowa Flood of 2008, we are investigating environmental health challenges posed by a warmer, wetter climate in the Midwest. Data collected in Iowa over the last 114 years show more frost-free days, higher annual rainfalls, and increasing days each year with extreme rainfall. Allergenic plants are flowering sooner, producing more pollen and expanding their northern range. Farmers are adapting to climate change by planting earlier and at higher densities; using more pesticides to control yield loss from new insects, fungi and weeds; and expanding use of subsurface drainage systems that channel pesticides and manure into surface waterways. In this example, a changing climate has direct relevance to rural and agricultural populations as well as far-reaching implications for public health along the urban-rural continuum. The EHSRC is translating innovative research on climate change health effects to policy makers and the public to support sound adaptation strategies and to improve our preparedness for environmental disasters with a focus on disease prevention. EHSRC Vision Statement: The Center vision is to be the primary environmental health resource for improving the health of rural residents by stimulating and translating innovative environmental health sciences research. This will be accomplished by gaining new insights into rural exposures; pathways of host defense, lung injury and repair; nanotoxicology; and population health; and then translating these insights to clinical medicine, public health practice and regulatory policy.

1.1 简介和愿景声明 自 1990 年成立以来，爱荷华大学 (U.I.) 环境健康科学研究中心 (EHSRC) 不断推进和转化研究成果，解决城乡连续体的环境健康问题。我们早期的研究重点是有机粉尘接触与肺部疾病、农药接触与癌症、农村儿童哮喘以及工业化畜牧生产引起的社区健康问题。在这些领域的研究继续进行的同时，我们还涵盖了纳米毒理学、氧化应激和先天免疫等新兴重要领域，并在环境基因组学、高级代谢组学、环境干预队列研究和最先进的生物医学成像方面应用了新的创新。随着未来环境健康问题的出现，我们将继续通过积极的研究、推广和社区参与来应对这些挑战。例如，2008 年爱荷华州洪水之后，我们正在调查中西部气候变暖、湿润带来的环境健康挑战。爱荷华州过去 114 年收集的数据显示，无霜天数增多，年降雨量增加，极端降雨天数逐年增加。 过敏植物开花更快，产生更多花粉并扩大其北部范围。农民正在通过更早和更高密度的种植来适应气候变化；使用更多农药来控制新昆虫、真菌和杂草造成的产量损失；扩大使用地下排水系统，将农药和粪便排入地表水道。在这个例子中，气候变化与农村和农业人口直接相关，并对城乡连续体的公共卫生产生深远影响。 EHSRC 正在将有关气候变化健康影响的创新研究成果转化为政策制定者和公众，以支持合理的适应战略，并以疾病预防为重点，提高我们对环境灾害的准备程度。 EHSRC 愿景声明： 该中心的愿景是通过激发和转化创新的环境健康科学研究，成为改善农村居民健康的主要环境健康资源。这将通过获得对农村风险的新见解来实现；宿主防御、肺损伤和修复的途径；纳米毒理学；和人口健康；然后将这些见解转化为临床医学、公共卫生实践和监管政策。