Radiation Biology

放射生物学

• 批准号: 8475442
• 负责人: Amato J. Giaccia
• 金额: $ 1.41万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8475442
• 关键词: Affect; Anaerobic Bacteria; Antineoplastic Agents; Area; Benzotriazines; Biological Markers; Blood Tests; Brain; Cancer Center; Cancer Patient; Cancerous; Cell Death; Cell Survival; Cells; Clinic; Clinical; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials; Clostridium; Combination Drug Therapy; Combined Modality Therapy; Cytotoxin; DNA Damage; DNA Repair; Deposition; Development; Dose; Drosophila genus; Drug Targeting; Effectiveness; Enzymes; Family; Functional Imaging; Future; Gene Expression; Gene Targeting; Generations; Genes; Genetic Determinism; Goals; Grant; Growth; Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Head and neck structure; Humanities; Hypoxia; Imaging Techniques; Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy; Laboratories; Laboratory Finding; Lesion; Malignant neoplasm of liver; Malignant neoplasm of lung; Malignant neoplasm of pancreas; Malignant neoplasm of prostate; Mammalian Genetics; Medical center; Metabolism; Molecular; Necrosis; Neoplasm Metastasis; Normal tissue morphology; Organ; Oxides; Oxygen; Oxygen measurement, partial pressure, arterial; Pancreatic carcinoma; Pathway interactions; Patients; Peer Review; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phase I/II Trial; Phase III Clinical Trials; Physiology; Prodrugs; Protocols documentation; Protons; Quality of life; Radiation; Radiation therapy; Radiobiology; Radiosurgery; Relapse; Research; Research Training; Role; Schools; Science; Series; Signal Pathway; Signal Transduction; Solid Neoplasm; Stress; Subgroup; System; Testing; Therapeutic; Therapeutic Uses; Tissues; Toxic effect; Translating; Treatment Effectiveness; Universities; base; biological adaptation to stress; cancer therapy; chemotherapy; design; efficacy testing; improved; in vivo; medical schools; member; molecular imaging; mouse model; neoplastic cell; new technology; novel; novel strategies; outcome forecast; phosphatase of regenerating liver; prevent; programs; response; transcription factor; tumor; tumor growth; tumor microenvironment; yeast genetics

The Program in Radiation Biology is focused on ways in which the effectiveness of radiotherapy can increase local tumor control and survival of cancer patients. Three different approaches are being pursued to achieve this goal: 1) Develop pharmacologic and biologic agents to combine with radiotherapy and chemotherapy to improve local tumor control and prevent metastatic spread; 2) Design new approaches to administer radiotherapy or combined modality therapy to test in clinical trials; 3) Identify genetic determinants using yeast and mammalian genetics that influence the response of tumors to radiation or the combination of chemotherapy and radiation. The research of program members has resulted in a series of important findings that include the identification of Prl-3 (phosphatase of regenerating liver-3) as a p53 target gene, the identification of the molecular pathways that give rise to intercellular polarity, developing new hypoxic-specific cytotoxins for cancer therapy, identifying new genes that are essential for adaptation to stress that are essential for metastasis, elucidating the signaling pathways that integrate DNA damage recognition, checkpoint signaling and DNA repair, generation of mouse models to study in vivo stress responses and targeted therapy, expanding the use of hypofractionated radiosurgery to treat solid tumors, developing new approaches to generate protons for therapeutic use and developing molecular and functional imaging techniques to direct the delivery of radiotherapy. The 26 program members representing the School of Medicine and the School of Humanities and Sciences are supported by peer-reviewed research and training grants totaling $6,826,435, including 16 R01s, 2P01s, 2 T32s. The members of this program are highly motivated and interactive in their goal to take fundamental discoveries in the laboratory and develop them to increase the efficacy of radiotherapy to control tumor growth and metastasis.

放射生物学计划的重点是如何提高放射治疗的有效性 提高局部肿瘤控制和癌症患者的生存率。正在采取三种不同的方法 为实现这一目标而努力：1）开发药物和生物制剂以结合 放疗和化疗以改善局部肿瘤控制并防止转移扩散； 2) 设计新的放射治疗或联合治疗方法以进行临床测试 试验； 3) 使用酵母和哺乳动物遗传学来识别影响反应的遗传决定因素 肿瘤的放疗或化疗和放疗的联合治疗。 项目成员的研究得出了一系列重要发现，其中包括 鉴定Prl-3（再生肝磷酸酶3）作为p53靶基因，鉴定 产生细胞间极性的分子途径，开发新的缺氧特异性细胞毒素 对于癌症治疗，识别对适应压力至关重要的新基因 转移，阐明整合 DNA 损伤识别、检查点的信号通路 信号传导和 DNA 修复，生成小鼠模型以研究体内应激反应和靶向 疗法，扩大大分割放射外科治疗实体瘤的使用，开发新的 产生用于治疗用途的质子以及开发分子和功能成像的方法 指导放射治疗的技术。代表学院的26名项目成员 医学和人文科学学院得到同行评审研究和 培训补助金总计 6,826,435 美元，其中包括 16 架 R01、2 架 P01、2 架 T32。该计划的成员是 他们的目标是高度积极性和互动性，以在实验室中取得基本发现，并 开发它们以提高放疗控制肿瘤生长和转移的功效。