Radiation Biology

放射生物学

• 批准号: 8180970
• 负责人: Amato J. Giaccia
• 金额: $ 1.74万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-15 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8180970
• 关键词: Affect; Anaerobic Bacteria; Antineoplastic Agents; Area; Benzotriazines; Biological Markers; Blood Tests; Brain; Cancer Center; Cancer Patient; Cancerous; Cell Death; Cell Survival; Cells; Clinic; Clinical; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials; Clostridium; Combination Drug Therapy; Combined Modality Therapy; Cytotoxin; DNA Damage; DNA Repair; Deposition; Development; Dose; Drosophila genus; Drug Delivery Systems; Effectiveness; Enzymes; Family; Functional Imaging; Future; Gene Expression; Gene Targeting; Generations; Genes; Genetic Determinism; Goals; Grant; Growth; Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Head and neck structure; Humanities; Hypoxia; Imaging Techniques; Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy; Laboratories; Laboratory Finding; Lesion; Liver; Lung; Malignant neoplasm of prostate; Mammalian Genetics; Medical center; Metabolism; Molecular; Natural regeneration; Necrosis; Neoplasm Metastasis; Normal tissue morphology; Organ; Oxides; Oxygen; Oxygen measurement, partial pressure, arterial; Pancreas; Pancreatic carcinoma; Pathway interactions; Patients; Peer Review; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phase I/II Trial; Phase III Clinical Trials; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Physiology; Prodrugs; Protocols documentation; Protons; Quality of life; Radiation; Radiation therapy; Radiobiology; Radiosurgery; Relapse; Research; Research Training; Role; Schools; Science; Series; Signal Pathway; Signal Transduction; Solid Neoplasm; Stress; Subgroup; System; TP53 gene; Testing; Therapeutic Uses; Tissues; Toxic effect; Translating; Treatment Effectiveness; Universities; Yeasts; base; biological adaptation to stress; cancer therapy; chemotherapy; design; efficacy testing; improved; in vivo; medical schools; member; mouse model; neoplastic cell; new technology; novel; novel strategies; outcome forecast; prevent; programs; response; therapeutic development; transcription factor; tumor; tumor growth

The Program in Radiation Biology is focused on ways in which the effectiveness of radiotherapy can increase local tumor control and survival of cancer patients. Three different approaches are being pursued to achieve this goal: 1) Develop pharmacologic and biologic agents to combine with radiotherapy and chemotherapy to improve local tumor control and prevent metastatic spread; 2) Design new approaches to administer radiotherapy or combined modality therapy to test in clinical trials; 3) Identify genetic determinants using yeast and mammalian genetics that influence the response of tumors to radiation or the combination of chemotherapy and radiation. The research of program members has resulted in a series of important findings that include the identification of Prl-3 (phosphatase of regenerating liver-3) as a p53 target gene, the identification of the molecular pathways that give rise to intercellular polarity, developing new hypoxic-specific cytotoxins for cancer therapy, identifying new genes that are essential for adaptation to stress that are essential for metastasis, elucidating the signaling pathways that integrate DNA damage recognition, checkpoint signaling and DNA repair, generation of mouse models to study in vivo stress responses and targeted therapy, expanding the use of hypofractionated radiosurgery to treat solid tumors, developing new approaches to generate protons for therapeutic use and developing molecular and functional imaging techniques to direct the delivery of radiotherapy. The 26 program members representing the School of Medicine and the School of Humanities and Sciences are supported by peer-reviewed research and training grants totaling $6,826,435, including 16 R01s, 2P01s, 2 T32s. The members of this program are highly motivated and interactive in their goal to take fundamental discoveries in the laboratory and develop them to increase the efficacy of radiotherapy to control tumor growth and metastasis.

放射生物学方案的重点是放射治疗的有效性可以 增加局部肿瘤控制和癌症患者的存活。正在采用三种不同的方法 追求实现这一目标的追求：1）开发药理学和生物学毒剂以与 放疗和化学疗法以改善局部肿瘤控制并预防转移性扩散； 2）设计采用放射疗法或合并方式疗法进行临床测试的新方法 试验； 3）使用影响反应的酵母和哺乳动物遗传学确定遗传决定因素 放射线肿瘤或化学疗法和放射线的组合。 计划成员的研究导致一系列重要发现，包括 PRL-3（再生肝3的磷酸酶）作为p53靶基因的鉴定，鉴定 产生细胞间极性的分子途径，产生新的低氧特异性细胞毒素 对于癌症治疗，鉴定新基因适应压力至关重要 转移，阐明整合DNA损伤识别的信号通路，检查点 信号传导和DNA修复，生成小鼠模型以研究体内应力反应并靶向 治疗，扩展使用次级射放射外科治疗实体瘤的使用，开发新的 生成用于治疗使用和开发分子和功能成像的质子的方法 指导放疗的技术。代表学校的26名计划成员 医学和人文科学学院得到了同行评审的研究和 培训赠款总计6,826,435美元，包括16个R01，2P01，2 T32S。该程序的成员是 在实验室中获得基本发现的目标高度积极性和互动性 开发它们以提高放射疗法对控制肿瘤生长和转移的功效。