Neurophysiology and Anatomy of Multisensory Processing

多感觉处理的神经生理学和解剖学

• 批准号: 8374406
• 负责人: TROY A. HACKETT
• 金额: $ 46.31万
• 依托单位: NATHAN S. KLINE INSTITUTE FOR PSYCH RES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-12-01 至 2015-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8374406
• 关键词: Action Potentials; Anatomy; Architecture; Area; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Auditory; Auditory area; Auditory system; Autistic Disorder; Automobile Driving; Brain; Chemicals; Cognitive; Confocal Microscopy; Cues; Defect; Discrimination; Disease; Electron Microscopy; Elements; Etiology; Evolution; Goals; Hearing; Hearing Impaired Persons; Hearing problem; Impaired cognition; Impairment; Individual; Learning Disabilities; Location; Methods; Modeling; Neurons; Pattern; Phase; Physiological; Physiology; Primates; Process; Property; Resolution; Role; Sampling; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Source; Staging; Stimulus; Structure; Surface; Synapses; System; Testing; Time; Training; Visual; cell type; improved; indexing; instrument; multisensory; neurochemistry; neuronal excitability; neurophysiology; novel; operation; public health relevance; receptor; response; somatosensory; sound

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Multisensory Integration begins at or before the level of primary auditory cortex (A1) and builds over higher stages. In A1 the effect seems to be mainly a non-auditory "modulation" of the strength of "driving" auditory inputs, while in higher areas it may increasingly reflect a higher order "integration" of auditory and non-auditory information. In A1, auditory/non-auditory interactions use neuronal oscillations as instruments of auditory response amplification, while in higher stages, interactions also entail classic excitatory convergence. Throughout, the impact of inputs' salience (bottom-up), and that of top-down attentional control are believed to crucial. These elements - neuronal oscillations, modulatory-driving interactions, top-down control, and the underlying anatomic circuits - are ubiquitous and crucial to brain operation. Investigating them in the context of multisensory interactions affords a unique unambiguous control over the key inputs since they arise from different receptor surfaces. Our BROAD GOAL is to investigate multisensory interaction across levels of the auditory system as a general model for integrative operations in the brain. We combine anatomical analyses with electrophysiological methods indexing laminar profiles of synaptic activity and concomitant action potentials to differentiate "driving" auditory inputs and non-auditory "modulatory" inputs arising from various cortical and subcortical sources, and to determine how these input types interact physiologically during attentive discrimination. SPECIFIC AIM 1 is to characterize the mechanisms and evolution of multisensory representation across processing levels. SPECIFIC AIM 2 is to determine how cross modal cues that predict sound timing and location help auditory processing. SPECIFIC AIM 3 is to characterize the fine structure of driving and modulatory circuits in auditory cortex, emphasizing anatomical correlates of processes examined under Aims 1 and 2. Improved understanding of the critical instrumental functions of neuronal oscillations in processing of driving inputs, their manipulation by modulatory inputs, influences of stimulus salience and attention, and the underlying circuitry, will enhance the mechanistic understanding of normal hearing, as well as those underlying disruptions of hearing that contribute to a number of pathological conditions.

描述（由申请人提供）：多感官集成开始于主听觉皮层（A1）的水平或之前，并在更高的阶段建立。在A1中，效果似乎主要是对“驾驶”听觉输入强度的非审计“调制”，而在较高的领域，它可能越来越反映出听觉和非原告信息的更高阶段的“整合”。在A1中，听觉/非听力相互作用使用神经元振荡作为听觉响应放大的工具，而在较高阶段，相互作用也需要经典的兴奋性收敛。在整个过程中，据信投入的显着性（自下而上）和自上而下的注意力控制的影响至关重要。这些元素 - 神经元振荡，调节驱动相互作用，自上而下的控制以及潜在的解剖电路 - 无处不在且对脑操作至关重要。在多感官相互作用的背景下，研究它们可以对关键输入的独特控制，因为它们来自不同的受体表面。我们的广泛目标是研究跨听觉系统层面的多感官互动，作为大脑综合操作的一般模型。我们将解剖学分析与电生理方法相结合，索引突触活动的层流和伴随的动作电位，以区分“驱动”听觉输入和非原告“调节性”输入，这些输入由各种皮质和亚皮层和亚皮层和亚皮层源引起，并确定这些输入类型在物理学上如何进行物理学上的差异。具体目的1是表征跨处理水平的多感官表示的机制和演变。具体目标2是确定如何预测声音时机和位置有助于听觉处理的交叉模态提示。 SPECIFIC AIM 3 is to characterize the fine structure of driving and modulatory circuits in auditory cortex, emphasizing anatomical correlates of processes examined under Aims 1 and 2. Improved understanding of the critical instrumental functions of neuronal oscillations in processing of driving inputs, their manipulation by modulatory inputs, influences of stimulus salience and attention, and the underlying circuitry, will enhance the mechanistic understanding of normal听力，以及那些导致多种病理状况的听力干扰。