Electrophysiological indices of task-dependent attentional biasing in humans

人类任务依赖性注意力偏差的电生理指标

• 批准号: 8534793
• 负责人: Simon Kelly
• 金额: $ 14.76万
• 依托单位: CITY COLLEGE OF NEW YORK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-01 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8534793
• 关键词: Accounting; Afferent Neurons; Anatomy; Area; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Autistic Disorder; Behavioral; Brain; Brain Diseases; Brain region; Cognitive; Cognitive deficits; Color; Contralateral; Cues; Data; Detection; Diagnostic; Dimensions; Discrimination; Event; Event-Related Potentials; Face; Functional disorder; Goals; Human; Individual; Investigation; Judgment; Knowledge; Link; Location; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Neurons; Noise; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Photic Stimulation; Pilot Projects; Positioning Attribute; Preparation; Procedures; Process; Property; Reading; Scalp structure; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Speed; Stimulus; Testing; Time; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Fields; Visual evoked cortical potential; Weight; Work; area striata; attentional modulation; base; computerized data processing; expectation; extrastriate; extrastriate visual cortex; flexibility; improved; indexing; insight; neuroimaging; neurophysiology; novel; preference; relating to nervous system; response; sensory cortex; theories; visual search; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Given a task goal and some prior knowledge, an observer is able to prepare in advance for sensory events in a way that improves the speed and accuracy of perceptual decisions and subsequent actions. There exists evidence that this preparation, a function of "top-down" attention, involves transient alterations to the activity of sensory neurons in early (low-level) sensory areas. One common finding is that when attention is deployed to a certain location, visual cortical regions that normally respond to stimuli at that location specifically undergo an enhancement in baseline excitability. However, the finer details of how the patterns of modulation across neurons at various hierarchical levels and with various tuning properties are tailored to facilitate specific perceptual tasks are not yet understood. Adapting preparatory neural states to tasks of varying complexity, difficulty and context is a fundamental higher cognitive ability that is known to be impaired in many brain disorders such as schizophrenia, autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The goal of this proposal is to develop, validate and apply novel methods to allow us to investigate these details. Building on previous work, we will use electroencephalographic (EEG) steady-state responses to track cortical excitability in visual neurons with specific properties in humans. In aim 1, we wll exploit well-known geometrical properties of visual cortical anatomy along with simple signal processing principles to derive signals that differentially index striate (V1) versus extrastriate activity. We will then examine the influence of task complexity on the invocation of spatially specific gain modulation in striate and extrastriate cortex. This could potentially reconcile a longstanding controversy surrounding the earliest locus of attention modulation. In aim 2, we will derive signals indexing neural sensitivity across a range of values of a single feature dimension - orientation - using a field of oriented probe stimuli. We will thus examine the allocation of attentional weights to specific feature values during preparation for visual search, comparing across conditions of fine and coarse target-distracter similarity. This will provide key insight ino context-dependent feature-weighting and how it is accomplished by changes to the sensitivity of early visual cortical neurons. The fulfillment of these two aims will not only bring about new insights into major cognitive problems, but will also establish new procedures that will be of broad utility in the field of cognitive neurophysiology.

描述（由申请人提供）：鉴于任务目标和一些先验知识，观察者能够以提高感知决策和后续操作的速度和准确性的方式预先准备感官事件。有证据表明，这种制剂是“自上而下”注意的功能，涉及对早期（低级）感觉区域中感觉神经元活动的短暂改变。一个普遍的发现是，当注意到某个位置时，通常会对刺激做出反应的视觉皮质区域 位置专门具有基线兴奋性的增强。但是，如何对各种层次级别和各种调整属性的神经元调制模式进行了更细致的细节，以促进特定的感知任务。将准备性神经状态适应复杂性，难度和背景的任务是一种基本的更高的认知能力，已知在许多脑部疾病中受到损害，例如精神分裂症，自闭症和注意力不足/多活障碍（ADHD）。该建议的目的是开发，验证和应用新颖的方法，以使我们能够研究这些细节。在先前的工作的基础上，我们将使用脑电图（EEG）稳态反应来跟踪具有人类特定特性的视觉神经元的皮质兴奋性。在AIM 1中，我们将利用视觉皮质解剖学的众所周知的几何特性以及简单的信号处理原理，以得出差异性索引条纹（V1）与外部活性的信号。然后，我们将检查任务复杂性对横纹和腹膜外皮质中空间特定增益调制的调用的影响。这可能会解决围绕注意调节的最早源头的长期争议。在AIM 2中，我们将使用定向探针刺激的字段来得出信号，以索引单个特征维度 - 方向的一个范围的神经灵敏度。因此，我们将在准备视觉搜索过程中检查注意力重量对特定特征值的分配，以比较精细和粗糙的目标 - 分布者相似性的条件。这将提供关键的见解INO上下文依赖性特征加权，以及如何通过更改早期视觉皮质神经元的敏感性来实现它。实现这两个目标不仅会给主要的认知问题带来新的见解，而且还将建立新的程序，这些程序将在认知神经生理学领域具有广泛的实用性。