Electrophysiological indices of task-dependent attentional biasing in humans

人类任务依赖性注意力偏差的电生理指标

基本信息

批准号：
8727617
负责人：
Simon Kelly
金额：
$ 15.3万
依托单位：
CITY COLLEGE OF NEW YORK
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2012-09-01 至 2015-02-28
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8727617
关键词：
Accounting Afferent Neurons Anatomy Area Attention Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Autistic Disorder Behavioral Brain Brain Diseases Brain region Cognitive Cognitive deficits Color Contralateral Cues Data Detection Diagnostic Dimensions Discrimination Event Event-Related Potentials Executive Dysfunction Face Goals Human Individual Investigation Judgment Knowledge Link Location Maps Measurement Measures Methods Modeling Neurons Noise Pattern Perception Performance Photic Stimulation Pilot Projects Positioning Attribute Preparation Procedures Process Property Reading Scalp structure Schizophrenia Sensory Shapes Signal Transduction Speed Stimulus Testing Time Visual Visual Cortex Visual Fields Visual evoked cortical potential Weight Work area striata attentional modulation base expectation extrastriate extrastriate visual cortex flexibility improved indexing insight neuroimaging neurophysiology novel preference relating to nervous system response sensory cortex signal processing theories visual search visual stimulus

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Given a task goal and some prior knowledge, an observer is able to prepare in advance for sensory events in a way that improves the speed and accuracy of perceptual decisions and subsequent actions. There exists evidence that this preparation, a function of "top-down" attention, involves transient alterations to the activity of sensory neurons in early (low-level) sensory areas. One common finding is that when attention is deployed to a certain location, visual cortical regions that normally respond to stimuli at that location specifically undergo an enhancement in baseline excitability. However, the finer details of how the patterns of modulation across neurons at various hierarchical levels and with various tuning properties are tailored to facilitate specific perceptual tasks are not yet understood. Adapting preparatory neural states to tasks of varying complexity, difficulty and context is a fundamental higher cognitive ability that is known to be impaired in many brain disorders such as schizophrenia, autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The goal of this proposal is to develop, validate and apply novel methods to allow us to investigate these details. Building on previous work, we will use electroencephalographic (EEG) steady-state responses to track cortical excitability in visual neurons with specific properties in humans. In aim 1, we wll exploit well-known geometrical properties of visual cortical anatomy along with simple signal processing principles to derive signals that differentially index striate (V1) versus extrastriate activity. We will then examine the influence of task complexity on the invocation of spatially specific gain modulation in striate and extrastriate cortex. This could potentially reconcile a longstanding controversy surrounding the earliest locus of attention modulation. In aim 2, we will derive signals indexing neural sensitivity across a range of values of a single feature dimension - orientation - using a field of oriented probe stimuli. We will thus examine the allocation of attentional weights to specific feature values during preparation for visual search, comparing across conditions of fine and coarse target-distracter similarity. This will provide key insight ino context-dependent feature-weighting and how it is accomplished by changes to the sensitivity of early visual cortical neurons. The fulfillment of these two aims will not only bring about new insights into major cognitive problems, but will also establish new procedures that will be of broad utility in the field of cognitive neurophysiology.

描述（由申请人提供）：给定任务目标和一些先验知识，观察者能够提前为感官事件做好准备，从而提高感知决策和后续行动的速度和准确性。有证据表明，这种准备是“自上而下”注意的功能，涉及早期（低水平）感觉区域感觉神经元活动的短暂改变。一个常见的发现是，当注意力集中到某个位置时，通常对该位置的刺激做出反应的视觉皮层区域位置的基线兴奋性特别增强。然而，如何定制不同层次的神经元之间的调制模式以及如何定制不同的调谐属性以促进特定的感知任务的更详细的细节尚不清楚。使准备性神经状态适应不同复杂性、难度和环境的任务是一种基本的高级认知能力，已知这种能力在精神分裂症、自闭症和注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）等许多大脑疾病中会受到损害。该提案的目标是开发、验证和应用新颖的方法，使我们能够调查这些细节。在之前的工作基础上，我们将使用脑电图（EEG）稳态反应来追踪人类具有特定特性的视觉神经元的皮质兴奋性。在目标 1 中，我们将利用视觉皮层解剖学的众所周知的几何特性以及简单的信号处理原理来导出对纹状体 (V1) 与纹状体外活动进行差异索引的信号。然后，我们将研究任务复杂性对纹状体和纹状外皮层空间特定增益调制的影响。这可能会化解围绕注意力调节最早焦点的长期争议。在目标 2 中，我们将使用定向探针刺激场导出在单个特征维度（方向）的一系列值中索引神经敏感性的信号。因此，我们将在准备视觉搜索期间检查注意权重对特定特征值的分配，比较精细和粗略目标干扰相似性的条件。这将为上下文相关的特征加权以及如何通过改变早期视觉皮层神经元的敏感性来实现它提供关键的见解。这两个目标的实现不仅将为主要认知问题带来新的见解，而且还将建立在认知神经生理学领域具有广泛用途的新程序。