Quantifying Exposure to Illicit Drugs & Psychosocial Stress in Real Time

量化非法药物的暴露程度

基本信息

批准号：
8736744
负责人：
Kenzie Preston
金额：
$ 151.04万
依托单位：
NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
至
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8736744
关键词：
Algorithms Ambulatory Monitoring Baltimore Behavior Behavioral Biological Brain imaging Businesses Clinical Cues Data Development Drug usage Effectiveness Electronics Employment Environment Environmental Exposure Event Exposure to Galvanic Skin Response Genetic Geographic Locations Goals Heroin Hour Illicit Drugs Individual Intervention Knowledge Laboratories Laboratory Procedures Location Measures Methods Moods Nature Neighborhoods Noise Participant Patient Self-Report Pattern Pharmaceutical Preparations Physiological Positioning Attribute Psychosocial Stress Publications Records Reporting Research Personnel Resolution Respiration Schedule Sexual Development Signal Transduction Social Sciences Specimen Stress System Time Training Urine Woman addiction cocaine use craving diaries drug craving environmental intervention heart rate variability interest men meter psychosocial response stressor trait treatment strategy

项目摘要

Assessment of exposure to drug use and psychosocial stress is complicated by the fact that each is often transient and difficult to recall accurately. Assessment of their causal connections with one another, and of their genetic and environmental determinants, is complicated by the complexity of the causal connections and by the elusive nature of what constitutes the environment. In this project, we are assessing drug use and psychosocial stress in near-real time through Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), in which participants use handheld electronic diaries to record events as they occur and to report recent or ongoing events in response to randomly timed prompts throughout the day. We are also maintaining real-time records of where the reported events occur by having participants carry Global Positioning System (GPS) loggers to track their whereabouts with a spatial resolution of several meters. We use these data collectively in a method we are calling Geographical Momentary Assessment (GMA). Our goal with GMA has little to do with knowing the specific Baltimore locations where drug-related behaviors occur, and everything to do with gaining generalizable knowledge about how activity spaces (the spaces in which daily activities occur) are associated with such behaviors and their precipitants. To that end, we score neighborhood environments in terms of objective statistical data andmore innovativelyin terms of objective ratings by trained observers. For many addiction researchers, such as behavioral geneticists and pharmacological clinical trialists, these environmental measures will constitute noise to be controlled for, so the benefit of GMA to them will be to help isolate the biological measures of interest. For addiction researchers with a social-science focus, the environmental measures will be signal rather than noise, so the benefit of GMA will be to make a case for environmental interventions and to provide a rigorous way of assessing the interventions implementation and effectiveness. To increase the objectivity of our field methods, we have added ambulatory monitoring of physiological functions such as respiration, heart-rate variability, and galvanic skin response. Our goals for these measures include the development of algorithms that can automatically detect behavioral events (such as episodes of drug use or stress) without requiring self-report. To help validate our field methods, we are collecting thrice-weekly urine specimens from all our participants and assessing their trait stress reactivity through standardized laboratory procedures. We have produced eight publications from this set of projects, two of those publications are from the past year. One of them showed that daily temporal patterns of heroin and cocaine use and craving are related to conventional business hours, suggesting that societal conventions reflected in business hours influence drug-use patterns even in individuals whose daily schedules are not necessarily dictated by employment. The other one showed that women respond differently than men to exposure to drug cues and to drug use, consistent with laboratory and brain-imaging findings; this information may be useful for development of sex-specific treatment strategies. We have turned our focus to a larger study that incorporates GPS along with additional EMA measures of stress. We refer to the combination of EMA and GPS as Geographical Momentary Assessment (GMA), an approach with which we can measure and understand relationships among mood, drug use, and environmental exposure to psychosocial stressors.

吸毒暴露和社会心理压力的评估很复杂，因为它们往往是短暂的且难以准确回忆。由于因果关系的复杂性和环境构成的难以捉摸的性质，对它们之间的因果关系以及它们的遗传和环境决定因素的评估变得复杂。在这个项目中，我们通过生态瞬时评估（EMA）近乎实时地评估药物使用和社会心理压力，其中参与者使用手持式电子日记记录发生的事件，并报告最近或正在进行的事件以响应随机定时的事件。全天提示。我们还通过让参与者携带全球定位系统 (GPS) 记录器以几米的空间分辨率跟踪他们的行踪，来维护所报告事件发生地点的实时记录。我们在称为地理瞬时评估 (GMA) 的方法中集体使用这些数据。我们 GMA 的目标与了解发生毒品相关行为的巴尔的摩的具体地点无关，而与获得关于活动空间（发生日常活动的空间）如何与此类行为及其诱因相关的一般性知识有关。为此，我们根据客观统计数据以及更创新的方式根据训练有素的观察员的客观评级对邻里环境进行评分。对于许多成瘾研究人员，例如行为遗传学家和药理学临床试验人员来说，这些环境措施将构成需要控制的噪音，因此 GMA 对他们的好处将是帮助分离出感兴趣的生物措施。对于关注社会科学的成瘾研究人员来说，环境措施将是信号而不是噪音，因此 GMA 的好处将是为环境干预提供理由，并提供严格的方法来评估干预措施的实施和有效性。为了提高现场方法的客观性，我们增加了对呼吸、心率变异性和皮肤电反应等生理功能的动态监测。我们对这些措施的目标包括开发可以自动检测行为事件（例如吸毒或压力事件）而无需自我报告的算法。为了帮助验证我们的现场方法，我们每周三次从所有参与者那里收集尿液样本，并通过标准化实验室程序评估他们的性状应激反应性。我们已经从这组项目中出版了八份出版物，其中两份是去年的。其中一项研究表明，每天海洛因和可卡因的使用和渴望的时间模式与传统的工作时间有关，这表明工作时间反映的社会习俗会影响吸毒模式，即使对于那些日程安排不一定由工作决定的个人来说也是如此。另一项研究表明，女性对接触药物线索和吸毒的反应与男性不同，这与实验室和脑成像结果一致。这些信息可能有助于制定针对性别的治疗策略。我们已将重点转向一项更大规模的研究，其中结合了 GPS 以及额外的 EMA 压力测量方法。我们将 EMA 和 GPS 的组合称为地理瞬时评估 (GMA)，通过这种方法，我们可以测量和理解情绪、药物使用和社会心理压力源环境暴露之间的关系。